University:
Cambridge College
Course:
SCI 225W | Foundations in Biology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

172

Pages:

1
Author:

M Theodore

RNA structure RNA is a polynucleotide, but it is much shorter in sizeof the polynucleotides that make up DNA. RNA consists of only one chain.The pentose sugar that makes up RNA is ribose sugar.The nitrogen bases that make up RNA are:   Purines consisting of adenine and guanine Pyrimidines consisting of cytosine and uracil, RNA are formed by DNA in the cell nucleus. Types of RNA  Messenger RNA (messenger RNA) Its function is to carry DNA information from the cell nucleus to the ribosomes. These messages are in the form of triplets of bases in the messenger RNA called codons.The codon in messenger RNA is a complement to the codogen, which is a sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA that is used as a template pattern.The event of the formation of messenger RNA by DNA in the cell nucleus is called transcription. Example: 1) Codogen (DNA)= ASG TGG ATA SST 2) Codon (RNA base triplet d) = UGS ASS UAU GGA  Transfer RNA (transfer RNA) Its function is to recognize codons and translate them into amino acids in ribosomes. This role of transfer RNA is known as translation. The sequence of nitrogen bases in transfer RNA is called an anticodon.The shape of transfer RNA is like a clover leaf with 4 important ends, namely: 1) The end of the codon identifier in the form of a base triplet is called anticodon. 2) The end of the amino acid linker which functions to bind amino acids. 3) Enzyme recognition end that helps bind amino acids. 4) Ribosome recognition end. Example: If the codon in the messenger RNA has the sequence UGS ASS UAU GGA then the corresponding anticodon in the transfer RNA is ASG UGG AUA SSU.  Ribosomal RNA (RNAr) Its function is as a site for protein formation. RNA ribosomes consist of of 2 sub units, namely: 1) Small subunit that plays a role in binding messenger RNA. 2) Large subunit whose role is to bind the appropriate transfer RNA.

RNA Structure - Lecture Notes

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