Molecules to Metabolism

Molecules to Metabolism Metabolic Processes Define metabolism The totality of all enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Compare anabolism and catabolism (including an example of each) Anabolism Catabolism • The build up of complex molecules from more ………………………………………………………………………… • The break down of complex molecules into more ………………………………………………………………………… simple subunits (i.e. monomers) ………………………………………………………………………… simple subunits (i.e. monomers) ………………………………………………………………………… • Requires condensation reactions to proceed ………………………………………………………………………… • Requires hydrolysis reactions to proceed ………………………………………………………………………… (water is produced as a by-product) ………………………………………………………………………… (water is consumed as part of the reaction) ………………………………………………………………………… • Example: Photosynthesis ………………………………………………………………………… • Example: Cell respiration ………………………………………………………………………… Differentiate between organic and inorganic compounds Organic molecules contain carbon and are synthesised by living organisms (anything else is inorganic) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Exceptions include carbides, carbonates, oxides of carbon and cyanides ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Explain how the structure of the carbon atom contributes to the formation of organic life Carbon forms the basis of organic life due to its capacity to form large molecules …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Carbon has four valence electrons and can form four covalent bonds …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… This allows it to function as a stable backbone in a wide variety of compounds …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… + 6p 6n …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Explain the theory of vitalism and how it was falsified Vitalism proposed that organic molecules could ONLY be synthesised by living organisms ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... It was falsified by Frederick Woehler in 1828 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... He was able to synthesise urea (an organic molecule) from an inorganic salt under laboratory conditions ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Biomacromolecules Define monomer A recurring subunit within a more complex polymer ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Compare the four different types of biomacromolecules Macromolecule Monomer / Subunit Monosaccharide Carbohydrate Glycerol + fatty acids (x3) Lipid Polymer Bond Involved Polysaccharide Glycosidic Linkage Triglyceride Ester linkage Protein Amino acid Polypeptide Peptide bond Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNA or RNA Phosphodiester bond Write the chemical formula for an unsaturated fatty acid CH3 – (CH2)n – COOH ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......... Draw molecular diagrams of glucose and ribose Glucose (α-D) Ribose Explain how the following may be identified based on their chemical formula Have C,H,O in a common ratio according to formula (CH2O)n Carbohydrate: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. May contain sulphur (some amino acids include sulphur) Protein: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Will contain phosphorus in relatively large amounts (nucleotides include a phosphate group) Nucleic Acid: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….