Cell Organelles Review

Organelle Description Function Animal, Plant or Both CELL WALL Rigid, tough, made of cellulose Protects and supports the cell Plant CELL MEMBRANE Thin, covering, protects cells Protects the cell, performs active transport and passive transport, moves materials in and out of the cell, communication Both CYTOPLASM Jelly like substance that contains organelles Pads and supports organelles inside the cell. Moves by cyclosis Both NUCLEUS Dense, ball shaped structure, contains DNA Controls all of the cell’s activities Both NUCLEAR MEMBRANE Thin covering over the nucleus Covers and protects the nucleus Both NUCLELOUS Small dark area in the nucleus Produces ribosome’s Both CHROMATIN In the nucleus, made of DNA and protein, contains genes Provides instructions for the cells activities, (growth, reproduction) Both ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Clear, tubular system of tunnels throughout the cell Transports materials like proteins around the cell Both RIBOSOME Small specks made of RNA. Found in cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum Makes proteins Both MITOCHONDRIA Location in the cytoplasm, bean shaped Supplies energy or ATP for the cell through cell respiration using glucose and oxygen Both VACUOLE Large open storage area, smaller in animal cells Storage tank for food, water, wastes or enzymes Both CHLOROPLAST Green structures that contain chlorophyll Captures sunlight and uses it to produce food through photosynthesis Plant GOLGI BODY Small bags with tubes connecting them Packages and secrets proteins for use in and out of the cell Both LYOSOME Small, round structures, containing enzymes Digests older cell parts, food or other objects Both Cell Organelles Worksheet Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right hand column that matches the structure/function in the left hand column. A cell part may be used more than once. Structure/Function Stores material within the cell Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only) The sites of protein synthesis Transports materials within the cell The region inside the cell except for the nucleus Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protests Produces a usable form of energy for the cell Packages proteins for transport out of the cell Everything inside the cell including the nucleus Site where ribosomes are made The membrane surrounding the cell Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells Composed of a phospholipid bilayer Cell Part Put a check in the appropriate column(s) to indicate whether the following organelles are found in plant cells, animal cells or both. Organelle Cell Wall Vesicle Chloroplast Chromatin Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome Mitochondria Nucleolus Nucleus Plasma membrane Central vacuole Ribosome Vacuole Plant Cells Animal Cells Cell City Analogy In a far away city called Grant City, the main export and production product is the steel widget. Everyone in the town has something to do with steel widget making and the entire town is designed to build and export widgets. The town hall has the instructions for widget making, widgets come in all shapes and sizes and any citizen of Grant can get the instructions and begin making their own widgets. Widgets are generally produced in small shops around the city, these small shops can be built by the carpenter's union (whose headquarters are in town hall). After the widget is constructed, they are placed on special carts which can deliver the widget anywhere in the city. In order for a widget to be exported, the carts take the widget to the postal office, where the widgets are packaged and labeled for export. Sometimes widgets don't turn out right, and the "rejects" are sent to the scrap yard where they are broken down for parts or destroyed altogether. The town powers the widget shops and carts from a hydraulic dam that is in the city. The entire city is enclosed by a large wooden fence, only the postal trucks (and citizens with proper passports) are allowed outside the city. Match the parts of the city (underlined) with the parts of the cell. 1. Mitochondria _____________________________________________ 2. Ribosomes _____________________________________________ 3. Nucleus _____________________________________________ 4. Endoplasmic Reticulum _____________________________________________ 5. Golgi Apparatus _____________________________________________ 6. Protein _____________________________________________ 7. Cell Membrane _____________________________________________ 8. Lysosomes ____________________________________________________________ 9. Nucleolus _____________________________________________ ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS FOR HOMEWORK Name a storage organelles? What is the list of organelles that take part in protein synthesis? What organelle is considered a “factory”, because it takes in raw materials and converts them to cell products that can be used by the cell? What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm? OR are they found attached to another organelle? OR both. What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is different in each case? What are lysosomes? What types of molecules would be found inside a lysosome? In what organelle do molecules move from the ER to the Golgi bodies? Page 5