Plasma Glucose, Insulin, and Diabetes Mellitus

2/3/2021 PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 2 PhysioEx Lab Report Exercise 4: Endocrine System Physiology Activity 2: Plasma Glucose, Insulin, and Diabetes Mellitus Name: Date: 3 February 2021 Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly. 1 Which of the following statements is false ? You correctly answered: Insulin is a hormone secreted into the stomach to aid with starch digestion. 2 Which of the following statements is true ? You correctly answered: All of these statements are true. 3 A diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus implies that You correctly answered: the pancreas is not producing sufficient insulin. 4 A diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies that You correctly answered: the cells of the body are unresponsive to circulating insulin. 5 Glucagon is a hormone You correctly answered: that opposes the action of insulin. Experiment Results Predict Question 1 Predict Question: To measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample Your answer: the optical density of the sample will be measured and the glucose concentration will be extrapolated from the glucose standard curve. Stop & Think Question 1 Why does the color in the tubes vary? You correctly answered: The tubes contain different amounts of glucose. i Experiment Data 1/4 2/3/2021 PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 2 Tube Part 1 Optical Density 1 0.30 30 2 0.50 3 0.60 90 4 0.80 120 5 Part 2 Glucose (mg/deciliter) 1 60 1.00 0.73 150 105 2 0.79 116 3 0.89 132 4 0.83 122 5 0.96 144 Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly. 1 A male patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 115, 110, and 122 mg/dl. The healthcare provider will inform him that You correctly answered: he appears to have impairment or borderline impairment of insulinmediated glucose uptake by his cells. 2 To obtain an accurate spectrophotometric measurement of the glucose concentration in the sample You correctly answered: heparin is added to prevent blood clots. 3 In the spectrophotometric assay used in this experiment, the __________ as the glucose concentration in the sample increases. You correctly answered: optical density increases. 4 A female patient has had successive fasting plasma glucose readings of 130, 140, and 128 mg/dl. The healthcare provider will inform her that You correctly answered: she has developed diabetes. 5 To maintain plasma glucose homeostasis You correctly answered: insulin-mediated transport of glucose into cells acts as negative feedback when plasma glucose levels rise. i 2/4 2/3/2021 PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 2 6 A laboratory technician withdraws a blood sample from a vein in your upper arm knowing that You correctly answered: the plasma glucose concentration will be the same in both the arm vein and the index finger. Review Sheet Results 1 What is a glucose standard curve, and why did you need to obtain one for this experiment? Did you correctly predict how you would measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucose standard curve? Your answer: A glucose standard curve is a tool used to measure the FPG levels taken from several patients to diagnose the presence or absence of diabetes. This is needed to show if a patient is within normal limits (less than 110mg/dl), impairment of insulin-medicated glucose (110126mg/dl), or confirmed diabetes (126mg/dl or greater than). 2 Which patient(s) had glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range? Can you say with certainty whether each of these patients has type 1 or type 2 diabetes? Why or why not? Your answer: Patients 3 and 5 are in the diabetic range but I can't say that these patients have these specific types of diabetes since both patients 3 and 5 have high plasma glucose results. The test only tells us this, so I would need more information before I can confirm that these patients have either type of diabetes. 3 Describe the diagnosis for patient 3, who was also pregnant at the time of this assay. Your answer: Patient 3's results were at 131 mg/dl which means she meets the diabetes mark at/ over 126 mg/dl. Since she is pregnant she might have gestational diabetes. 4 Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)? Your answer: The first patient was the only one who had normal glucose readings. 5 What are some lifestyle choices these patients with normal plasma glucose readings might recommend to the borderline impaired patients? Your answer: i 3/4 2/3/2021 PhysioEx Exercise 4 Activity 2 These patients should exercise, eat healthier foods, avoid foods high in fat, avoid sugary foods and drinks, and overall just educate themselves or get a medical professionals advice on they need for their bodies to stay healthy. i 4/4