World History Final Exam Notes

World History Final exam Notes  In what way did imperialism hurt rather than help European nations? It kept nations from cooperating to achieve shared goals.  Why did Europeans' belief in their cultural superiority helped them justify imperialistic actions? They thought spreading European culture to other nations helped the less advanced.  What was Darwinism? o The process of national superiority in the struggle for survival.  What does the term "white man's burden" refer to? The belief that Europe had a duty to civilize other people.  What is a protectorate? A country with its own government but under the control of an outside power.  What is a colony? A settlement of people living in a new territory linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control.  What is the difference between a colony and a protectorate? A colony was controlled by an imperial power, but a protectorate was not.  Which area was colonized under the new imperialism? Africa  Why did Westerners who ruled territories directly deny the influence of natives? Westerners saw territories as an extension of a home country, so they demanded that natives conform.  Under new imperialism, Europe did not need large numbers of people to control territories. Why? o They had improved transportation, communication, and other advantages.  What is nationalism? Having pride and association with a country.  Define ethnocentrism? o The belief that one's culture is superior to other cultures.  How was a colony different from a protectorate? A colony was controlled by an imperial power, but a protectorate was not.  In their competition for power, nations raced to build new colonies.  The passage is about Britain's imperialistic actions.   It was the task of civilization to put an end to slavery, to establish Courts of Law, to teach the natives a sense of individual responsibility, of liberty, and of justice, and to teach their rulers how to apply these principles; above all, to see to it that the system of education should be such as to produce happiness and progress. I am confident that the verdict of history will award high praise to the efforts and achievements of Great Britain in the discharge of these great responsibilities... -Frederick Lugard, 1923  Which best summarizes the author's feelings about British imperialism? Imperialism was an honorable enterprise that improved life for native cultures.  What would happen to industrialized nations' economies if they did not expand their reach abroad? Nations would have a smaller market in which to sell their goods.  By building military bases around the world, imperialist nations mainly aimed to resupply naval vessels.  List two reason why did European nations send missionaries to convert people in Africa and Asia to Christianity? o 1.) Europeans believed Christianity would make people more civilized. o 2.) Europeans wanted to expand their power around the world.  How were old imperialism and new imperialism similar? Colonies existed for the benefit of a mother country.  Nationalism - increased competition for power among European states and led to imperialism.  Where did the Bataan Death March take place? the Philippines  An ofÏcial government order that limits trade with another nation to punish or pressure that nation in some way is known as an embargo.  In response to Japan's aggressive actions in the Pacific in the 1930s, the United States imposed an embargo on shipping war goods and petroleum products to Japan. To win the war in the Pacific, the United States adopted a strategy called o island-hopping.   President Roosevelt called December 7, 1941, "a date which will live in infamy." Which of these definitions is the best meaning of the word "infamy"? o dishonor  Which of these actions did the United States take immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor? o Congress declared war on Japan the next day.  After their attack on Pearl Harbor, what did Japanese leaders do next? o They tried to gain as much territory in the Pacific as possible.  Which statements accurately describe the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor? Check all that apply. o The Americans were unprepared for the attack. o The American Navy was severely weakened.  Which of these terms best describes the ofÏcial foreign policy of the United States at the start of World War II in 1939? o isolationist  In a major blow to Japan, Allied troops returned to free which of these areas from Japanese control in 1944? o the Philippines  Which statements accurately describe the Battle of Guadalcanal? Check all that apply. o It was the first major Allied offensive in the Pacific. o It lasted six months. o It ended with Japan's defeat.  Which statements describe actions taken by Japan before the Pearl Harbor attack that resulted in strained relations with the United States? Check all that apply. -It entered into an alliance with Germany and Italy. o It occupied French Indochina. o It invaded China to gain control.  Which of these words best describe the appearance of the prisoners? Check all that apply. -hungry o ill-treated o exhausted o suffering  Who led Japan during World War II? o Hideki Tojo  To continue expanding its empire, Japan needed large supplies of oil