Abnormal Psychology Practice Test

Abnormal Psychology Practice Test (1) a. b. c. d. 1. A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected. a. b. c. d. Psychological dysfunction Psychological distress Psychological impairment Abnormal behavior 2. A psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation. a. b. c. d. Anxiety Object fear disorder Phobia Specific phobia 3. You are out on a date. However, you experience severe fear all evening and just want to go home, even though there is nothing to be afraid of, and the severe fear happens on every date you have. a. b. c. d. Atypical response Personal distress Psychological dysfunction None of the above 4. You are out on a date. However, you experience severe fear all evening and just want to go home. a. b. c. d. Atypical response Personal distress Psychological dysfunction None of the above 5. Describing the patients presenting problem which is represented by the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder. a. b. c. d. Clinical description Etiology Psychological Criteria Psychopathology Episodic course Chronic course Acute onset Insidious onset 8. Mood disorders follow an/a______, in that the individual is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time. a. b. c. d. Episodic course Chronic course Acute onset Insidious onset 9. Some disorders have an/a _____, meaning that they begin suddenly; others develop gradually over an extended period, which is sometimes called an/a ______. a. b. c. d. Acute onset; insidious onset Insidious onset; acute onset Acute onset; chronic course Insidious onset; chronic course 10. Number of people in the population as a whole that have the disorder: _______; new cases that occur during a given period: ______. a. b. c. d. Incidence; prevalence Prevalence; incidence Onset; course Course; onset 11. The individual will probably recover: _______; the probable outcome doesn’t look good: _____. a. b. c. d. Good prognosis; bad prognosis Good prognosis; guarded prognosis Positive prognosis; negative prognosis None of the above 12. The study of changes in abnormal behavior. a. b. c. d. Psychopathology Developmental pathology Developmental psychopathology Developmental psychology 13. The study of origins, has to do with why a disorder begins (what causes it) and includes biological, psychological, and social dimensions. 6. The anticipated course of a disorder is called __. a. Onset a. Causality b. Nosology b. Course c. Prevalence d. Prognosis 7. Schizophrenia follow an/a _________, meaning that they tend to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime. c. Epidemiology d. Etiology 14. Biological, psychological, and social influences contribute to the _____ of disorders. a. Etiology b. Factors c. Causes d. Process d. all of the above 15. Patients were shocked back to their senses by applications of ice-cold water. a. b. c. d. Water dunking Hydrotheraphy Hydrotherapy None of the above 16. People are suggestible when they are in states of high emotion. Therefore, if one person identifies a “cause” of the problem, others will probably assume that their own reactions have the same source. In popular language, this shared response is sometimes referred to as__. a. b. c. d. Emotion contagion Conformity Mob hysteria Mob psychology 17. If someone nearby becomes frightened or sad, chances are that for the moment you also will feel fear or sadness. This is a demonstration of ____. a. b. c. d. Emotion contagion Hysteria Mass hysteria Conformity 18. He assumed that normal brain functioning was related to four bodily fluids or humors: blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. a. b. c. d. Galen Hippocrates Philippe Pinel Socrates 19. The theory that asserts that abnormal brain functioning was related to four bodily fluids or humors: blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. a. b. c. d. Galenic theory Hippocratic theory Humoral theory Fluid approach 20. Which is/are correct pair i. Phlegmatic: phlegm 21. Dorothea Dix campaigned endlessly for reform in the treatment of insanity. Her work became known as the ______. a. b. c. d. Moral therapy Mental hygiene movement Moral movement Psychological reform movement 22. The therapeutic technique of recalling and reliving emotional trauma (that has been made unconscious) to release the accompanying tension. a. b. c. d. Catharsis Insight Free association Rational Emotive technique 23. The energy or drive within the id. a. b. c. d. Thanatos Libido Pleasure principle Sex 24. Source of psychic energy according to Freud. a. b. c. d. Eros and Thanatos Libido Tension Creative power 25. Anna Freud: _______; Heinz Kohut: ________. a. b. c. d. Ego psychology; self- psychology Self-psychology; ego psychology Self-psychology; object relations Ego psychology; attachment theory 26. According to _______, you tend to see the world through the eyes of the person incorporated into yourself. a. b. c. d. object relations theory psychoanalysis self-psychology attachment theory 27. Patients come to relate to the therapist: ______; Therapists project some of their own personal issues and feelings, usually positive, onto the patient: _______. a. Countertransference; transference ii. iii. iv. Sanguine: blood Melancholic: black bile choleric person: yellow bile a. i only b. i and iii c. i, ii, and iv b. Positive regard; unconditional positive regard c. Transference; countertransference d. unconditional positive regard; Positive regard 28. The complete and almost unqualified acceptance of most of the client’s feelings and actions. a. b. c. d. Empathy Positive regard Unconditional positive regard Transference 29. Edward Titchener (1867–1927) emphasized the study of _____. a. b. c. d. Introspection Structuralism Gestalt psychology Behaviorism 30. Skinner’s process of reinforcing successive approximations to a final behavior or set of behaviors. a. b. c. d. Modeling Shaping Conditioning Reinforcement 31. Skinner preferred the term _____ to “reward” because it connotes the effect on the behavior. a. b. c. d. Modeling Shaping Conditioning Reinforcement 32. Person-centered therapy with unconditional positive regard. a. b. c. d. Behavioral model moral therapy psychoanalytic theory humanistic theory 33. The _________ processes all information received from our sense organs and reacts as necessary. a. b. c. d. Brain Hypothalamus HPA axis Central nervous system 34. Transmit information throughout the nervous system. It contains a central cell body with two kinds of branches namely dendrites and axon. a. Neurotransmitter b. Neuron b. Synaptic cleavage c. Synaptic clef d. Nerve space 36. Each endocrine gland produces its own chemical messenger, called a ___. a. b. c. d. Neurotransmitter Serotonin Hormone Cortisol 37. Is an excitatory transmitter that “turns on” many different neurons, leading to action: _______; an inhibitory neurotransmitter: ______. a. b. c. d. GABA; cortisol Cortisol; GABA GABA; glutamate Glutamate; GABA 38. This neurotransmitter regulates our behavior, moods, and thought processes. Also, patients with OCD have concentrated amount of this neurotransmitter in the part of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex called the orbital surface (Chamberlain et al., 2008; Harrison et al., 2013). a. b. c. d. Dopamine Serotonin Cortisol Norepinephrine 39. Which neurotransmitter seems to be involved in our emergency reactions or alarm responses? a. b. c. d. Dopamine Serotonin Cortisol Norepinephrine 40. First described the concept of learned helplessness. a. b. c. d. Martin Seligman Ivan Pavlov Albert Bandura BF Skinner 41. Short-lived, temporary states lasting from several minutes to several hours, occurring in response to an external event. a. Mood b. State c. Affect c. Myelin sheath d. Hormones 35. A small space through which the impulse must pass to get to the next neuron. a. Cleft d. Emotion 42. A more persistent period of affect or emotionality. a. Mood b. State c. Affect d. Emotion 43. Refers to the momentary emotional tone that accompanies what we say or do. a. b. c. d. Mood State Affect Emotion 44. The systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in an individual presenting with a possible psychological disorder. A. B. C. D. Clinical Assessment Diagnosis Psychological testing Clinical evaluation 45. The process of determining whether the particular problem afÒicting the individual meets all criteria for a psychological disorder. A. B. C. D. Clinical Assessment Diagnosis Psychological testing Clinical evaluation 46. Is the degree to which a measurement is consistent. a. b. c. d. Validity Standardization Reliability Consistency 47. Measures what it is designed to measure. a. b. c. d. Validity Standardization Reliability Consistency 48. If the results from a standard, but long, IQ test were essentially the same as the results from a new, brief version, you could conclude that the brief version had _______. a. b. c. d. Predictive validity Face validity Concurrent validity Internal validity 49. If you go to a clinician on Tuesday and are told d. consistency 50. The process by which a certain set of standards or norms is determined for a technique to make its use consistent across different measurements. a. b. c. d. Standardization Consistency Utility Normalization 51. Mental Status exam covers i. ii. iii. iv. v. a. b. c. d. Appearance and behavior Thought processes Mood and affect Intellectual functioning Sensorium iv only iv and ii iv, iii, and ii all of the above 52. Refers to our general awareness of our surroundings. a. b. c. d. Thought processes Mood and affect Intellectual functioning Sensorium 53. Are made up of questions that have been carefully phrased and tested to elicit useful information in a consistent manner so that clinicians can be sure they have inquired about the most important aspects of particular disorders (Summerfeldt, Kloosterman, & Antony, 2010). Clinicians may also depart from set questions to follow up on specific issue. A. B. C. D. Structured interview Unstructured interview Semistructured interview Follow up interview 54. To use the example of the violent boy, an observer would note that the sequence of events was (1) his mother asking him to put his glass in the sink, (2) the boy throwing the glass, and (3) his mother’s lack of response. Using ABC observation, the first sequence of event is called _____, the second event is _____, and the last one is _____. you have an IQ of 110, you should expect a similar result if you take the same test again on Thursday. This is an example of ______. a. interrater reliability b. reliability c. test–retest reliability a. b. c. d. Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence Antecedent, Behavior, Conduct Behavior, Antecedent, consequence Consequence, Behavior, antecedent 55. Herman Rorschach: ___________; Morgan & Murray: _______. a. b. c. d. Inkblot Test; TAT Rorschach inkblot test; TAT Rorschach inkblot test; MMPI Rorschach inkblot test; Projective Test 56. IQ score is calculated by ___. a. Mental age × 100 chronological age b. chronological age × 100 mental age age c. IQ score × 100 mental age age d. chronological age × 100 IQ score 57. The test shows a problem when none exists: ________; no problem is found even though some difÏculty is present; _______. a. b. c. d. False negative, false positive False positive, false negative Validity; reliability Reliability; validity 58. When Lisa was brought to Dr. Miller’s ofÏce, he asked if she knew the date and time, her identity, and where she was. a. b. c. d. Sensorium Thought processes Mood and affect Intellectual functioning 59. Dr. Swan listened carefully to Joyce’s speech pattern, noting its speed, content, and continuity. He noticed no loose association but did hear indications of delusional thoughts and visual hallucinations. a. b. c. d. Sensorium Thought processes Mood and affect Intellectual functioning b. name or classify the problem; determine what is unique about an individual’s personality, cultural background, or circumstances c. determine what is common about an individual’s personality, cultural background, or circumstances; name or classify the problem d. treat the problem; determine what is unique about an individual’s personality, cultural background, or circumstances 62. If someone were to ask you to describe a dog, you could easily give a general description (the essential, categorical characteristics), but you might not exactly describe a specific dog. Dogs come in different colors, sizes, and even species (the nonessential, dimensional variations), but they all share certain doggish characteristics that allow you to classify them separately from cats. This is a/an example of _______. DSM-5 is also based on this approach. A. B. C. D. categorical approach dimensional approach prototypical approach none of the above 63. The following are DSM-5 criteria for Major Depressive Episode, except; A. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day B. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day. C. Significant weight loss when dieting or weight gain. D. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day. 64. This means the signs and symptoms chosen as criteria for the diagnostic category are consistently associated or “go together” and what they identify differs from other categories. a. b. c. d. Predictive validity Content validity Construct validity Internal validity 60. An IQ score of 72. a. b. c. d. Border Line Low average Average Mild mental retardation 61. idiographic strategy: _______; nomothetic 65. A valid diagnosis tells the clinician what is likely to happen with the prototypical patient. a. b. c. d. Predictive validity Content validity Construct validity Criterion validity strategy: _______. a. determine what is unique about an individual’s personality, cultural background, or circumstances; name or classify the problem 66. Judge the usefulness of the diagnostic category. a. b. c. d. Predictive validity Content validity Construct validity Criterion validity 67. If you create criteria for a diagnosis of, say, social phobia, it should reflect the way most experts in the field think of social phobia, as opposed to, say, depression. a. b. c. d. Predictive validity Content validity Construct validity Criterion validity 68. Allowed the clinician to gather information about the individual’s functioning in a number of areas rather than limiting information to the disorder itself. This framework is used in the previous version of DSM. a. b. c. d. Dimension system Categorical system Multiaxial system Biological framework 69. Former axes I, II, and III of DSM-IV have been combined into the _________ in DSM-5. a. b. c. d. descriptions of the disorders severity of the disorders global assessment functioning (GAF) dimension of the disorders 70. Individuals who have all the symptoms but do not cross _______ of impairment could not be diagnosed with a disorder. Example, Frank has been positive with MDD symptoms according to DSM – 5 criteria. However, he is not depressed most of the day. a. b. c. d. Threshold Criteria Dimension Social aspect 71. Refers to the values, knowledge, and practices that individuals derive from membership in different ethnic groups, religious groups, or other social groups, as well as how membership in these groups may affect the individual’s perspective on their experience with psychological disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). 73. In DSM-5 the term “mental retardation” has been dropped in favor of the more accurate term “_________,” a. b. c. d. Intellectually incapacitated intellectual disability mental disability intellectual retardation 74. Any factor occurring in a study that makes the results uninterpretable because a variable other than the independent variable may also affect the dependent variable. a. b. c. d. Independent variable g-factor Q-factor Confounding variable 75. The process of assigning people to different research groups in such a way that each person has an equal chance of being placed in any group. a. b. c. d. Randomization Normalization Standardization Classification 76. In the basic components of a research study, which is/are correct i. ii. iii. iv. v. A. B. C. D. Beliefs Habits Norm Culture 72. The individual is diagnosed with more than one a. i, ii, and iii b. i and ii Research design - The plan for testing the hypothesis. Affected by the question addressed, by the hypothesis, and by practical considerations Dependent variable - Some aspect of the phenomenon that is measured and is expected to be changed or influenced by the independent variable. Independent variable - The aspect manipulated or thought to influence the change in the dependent variable. External validity - The extent to which the results of the study can be attributed to the independent variable. Internal validity -The extent to which the results of the study can be generalized or applied outside the immediate study. psychological disorder at the same time. a. b. c. d. Onset Course Compatibility Comorbidity c. ii and iii d. all of the above 77. The study of the incidence, distribution, and consequences of a particular problem or set of problems in one or more populations. a. b. c. d. Epidemiology Incidence Prevalence Etiology 78. In _________ design, researchers take a ______ of a population across the different age groups and compare them on some characteristic. a. b. c. d. Longitudinal; longitude Sequential; sequence Correlational; correlation Cross-sectional; cross-section 79. Involves repeated study of different cohorts over time. a. b. c. d. Longitudinal design Sequential design Correlational design Cross-sectional design 80. Which of the following statement is/are true; i. ii. iii. iv. v. a. b. c. d. After participants are told the nature of the experiment and their role in it, they must be allowed to refuse or agree to sign an informed consent form. If the participant is in the control group or taking a placebo, informed consent is not needed. Research in universities or medical setÝngs must be approved by the institution’s review board regarding whether or not the participants lack the cognitive skills to protect themselves from harm Participants have a right to concealment of their identity on all data collected and reported When deception is essential to the research, participants do not have to be debriefed regarding the true pose of the study. I and ii I only I, iii, and iv All of the above 81. In cross-sectional designs, the participants in each age group are called 82. _____ is a negative mood state characterized by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In humans it can be a subjective sense of unease, a set of behaviors or a physiological response originating in the brain and reflected in elevated heart rate and muscle tension. Lastly, it is a future- oriented mood state. a. b. c. d. Anxiety Fear Phobia Panic 83. As an immediate alarm reaction to danger. a. b. c. d. Anxiety Fear Phobia Panic 84. Is defined as an abrupt experience of intense fear or acute discomfort, accompanied by physical symptoms that usually include heart palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, and, possibly, dizziness. a. b. c. d. Fear Anxiety Generalized anxiety Panic attack 85. Panic attack in fixed situations: ______; Varying panic attacks with no clue when or where it will occur: ______. a. b. c. d. Unexpected; expected Fixed; varied Expected; unexpected Varied; fixed 86. Raj is unable to speak whenever he faces women. However, he converses well with his friends Sheldon, Leonard, and Howard. Raj is suspected to have _____. a. b. c. d. specific phobia social anxiety disorder panic disorder Selective mutism 87. Samantha was a 20-year-old college student with an engaging personality but not many friends. She came to the clinic complaining of excessive anxiety and general difÏculties in controlling her life. Samantha is diagnosed with ____. a. b. c. d. Participant Cross-sectional participant Cohorts Subjects a. b. c. d. agoraphobia social anxiety disorder generalized anxiety disorder Selective mutism 88. Sheldon Cooper is a very intelligent person with strict morning bathroom routine. He and Leonard lived together in a nice apartment. Leonard observed that Sheldon keeps on sitÝng on a specific couch. Whenever someone tries to sit in this couch, Sheldon fidget uncomfortably and argue “that’s my spot”. Sheldon’s behavior annoyed most of the people around him. Despite of this, Sheldon seems to notice no wrong about him. Sheldon could be diagnosed with ________ due to the presence of ______. a. b. c. d. Narcissistic PD; ego-syntonic Obsessive-compulsive; ego-syntonic Narcissistic PD; ego-dystonic Obsessive-compulsive PD; ego-syntonic 89. ________ are most often prescribed for generalized anxiety, and the evidence indicates that they give some relief, at least in the short term. a. b. c. d. Benzodiazepines Antipsychotic drugs Venlafaxine Paroxetine 90. The following are not interoceptive daily activities typically avoided by people with Agoraphobia except; a. b. c. d. Watching an aquarium Walking in a very fine weather Dancing Having a polite conversation with a friend 91. Most patients with panic disorder and agoraphobic avoidance display an avoidance of internal physical sensation called ____. a. b. c. d. interoceptive avoidance interceptive avoidance external avoidance exteroceptive avoidance 92. An interruption of breathing during sleep that may feel like suffocation. a. b. c. d. Gagging Snoring Sleep apnea Night terror 93. One hypothesis that panic disorder and agoraphobia evolve from psychodynamic b. Melanie Klein; John Bowlby c. Melanie Klein; Heinz Kohut d. Melanie Klein; Anna Freud 94. The following are not highly effective psychological treatments for treating panic disorder EXCEPT; a. b. c. d. Systematic desensitization Moral therapy Cognitive therapy Cognitive behavioral therapy 95. Is an irrational fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual’s ability to function. a. Agoraphobia b. Phobia c. Object phobia d. Specific phobia 96. Anthropophobia is a fear of ___. a. b. c. d. Human history Humanity Human society Human study 97. Ron Weasley experiences an extreme anxiety whenever he is close with Hemione Granger. He fidgets and can’t function properly when Hermione is around. He has been experiencing this for about a year. Despite of being friends with both Hermione and Harry, Ron endured this intense anxiety whenever the three are into adventures. Ron might be diagnosed with ___. a. Nothing, this is just a simple crush. The anxiety he felt is an outburst of his feelings b. Love syndrome. Ron is in love with Hermione c. Panic disorder, because of his extreme anxiety d. Specific phobia, Ron has a mysterious hermionephobia – a fear of Hermione. 98. Doctor Stephen Strange is driving his car while talking to a friend when suddenly a fatal accident occurred. Before the accident, while on the phone, his friend heard his scream. Doctor Strange’s friend was diagnosed with a specific phobia 6 months after the accident. His phobia was acquired through ____ a. Direct experience causes suggested that early object loss and/or separation anxiety might predispose someone to develop the condition as an adult. These concepts are from the theory of ____ and ____ respectively. a. Melanie Klein; Mary Ainsworth b. Vicarious experience c. Communicative experience d. being told about danger 99. Billy had no friends. He was unwilling to attend social or sporting activities connected with school, even though most of the other kids in his class went to these events His teachers had difÏculty getÝng anything more than a yes or no answer from him. More troublesome was that he had been found hiding in a stall in the boy’s restroom during lunch, which he said he had been doing for several months instead of eating. Billy has a ______ a. b. c. d. General anxiety disorder Phobia Social anxiety disorder Separation anxiety disorder 100. From the psychological point of view, most clinicians agree that victims of PTSD should face the original trauma, process the intense emotions, and develop effective coping procedures in order to overcome the debilitating effects of the disorder (Beck & Sloan, 2012; Najavits, 2007; Monson, Resick, & Rizvi, in press). The psychoanalytic therapy would use ____, in reliving emotional trauma to relieve emotional suffering. a. b. c. d. Word association CBT Catharsis Free association