The Treatment of Depression with ect Best Illustrates

1. Treatment involving psychological techniques designed to assist someone to overcome a psychological disorder such as a phobia would generally be best described as A) psychoanalysis. B) psychotherapy. C) insight therapy. D) psychodynamic therapy. Ans: B 2. The treatment of depression with ECT best illustrates A) biomedical therapy. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) client-centered therapy. Ans: A 3. The use of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia best illustrates A) biomedical therapy. B) behavior therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) cognitive therapy. Ans: A 4. As a therapist, Dr. Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of free association. Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as A) psychoanalytic. B) client-centered. C) behavioral. D) eclectic. Ans: D 5. Sigmund Freud introduced a form of psychotherapy known as A) counterconditioning. B) active listening. C) cognitive therapy. D) psychoanalysis. Ans: D A) B) 6. Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients focus on their immediate conscious feelings. feel more trusting toward others. Page 1 1/35 C) D) Ans: become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses. develop greater self-esteem. C 7. Which of the following therapists introduced the use of free association? A) Carl Rogers B) Sigmund Freud C) Aaron Beck D) Mary Cover Jones Ans: B 8. Free association involves the expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships. repeated association of a relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli. uncensored reporting of any thoughts that come to mind. replacement of a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response. Ans: C A) B) C) D) 9. Sheena's therapist tells her to relax, close her eyes, and state aloud whatever comes to mind no matter how trivial or absurd it seems. The therapist is using a technique that is central to A) client-centered therapy. B) psychoanalysis. C) cognitive therapy. D) systematic desensitization. Ans: B 10. In psychoanalysis, a patient's hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of A) transference. B) resistance. C) counterconditioning. D) unconditional positive regard. Ans: B 11. Psychoanalysis would suggest that resistance during therapy supports and maintains the process of A) systematic desensitization. B) free association. C) dream interpretation. Page 2 2/35 D) Ans: repression. D 12. Just as Austin began telling his therapist about a painful childhood experience, he complained of a headache and abruptly ended the session. A therapist using psychoanalysis would most likely suggest that Austin's behavior is an example of A) resistance. B) transference. C) counterconditioning. D) insight. Ans: A 13. Psychoanalytic interpretation is designed to promote A) transference. B) counterconditioning. C) systematic desensitization. D) insight. Ans: D 14. An analyst who points out a patient's resistance to continuing the process of free association and provides the patient with insight into the reason for this resistance is engaging in A) systematic desensitization. B) stress inoculation training. C) interpretation. D) transference. Ans: C 15. The interpretation of dreams is most closely associated with A) cognitive therapy. B) client-centered therapy. C) systematic desensitization. D) psychoanalysis. Ans: D 16. The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known as A) transference. B) resistance. C) free association. Page 3 3/35 D) Ans: counterconditioning. A 17. Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A therapist using psychoanalysis would most likely consider Mr. Phillips's hostility to be an example of A) transference. B) free association. C) counterconditioning. D) systematic desensitization. Ans: A 18. Psychoanalysis is most likely to involve A) attending to patients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists. B) associating a patient's undesirable behavior with unpleasant experiences. C) repeating or rephrasing what a patient says during the course of therapy. D) helping patients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. Ans: A 19. Which form of therapy is most likely to be described as expensive and time-consuming? A) systematic desensitization B) client-centered therapy C) Psychoanalysis D) cognitive therapy Ans: C 20. Some of Freud's techniques and assumptions are most evident in today's A) behavior therapies. B) psychodynamic therapies. C) biomedical therapies. D) cognitive therapies. Ans: B 21. Which form of psychotherapy is most likely to focus on providing clients with insight into themes evident in their troubling and recurring patterns of social interaction in a variety of important relationships? A) client-centered therapy B) systematic desensitization C) psychodynamic therapy D) behavior modification Page 4 4/35 Ans: C 22. One therapist reported helping a patient to realize that he couldn't say “I love you” to his wife because it would feel soft and unmanly. The therapist's efforts to restore the patient's awareness of his wishes and his reactions against these wishes best illustrate A) exposure therapy. B) stress inoculation training. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) counterconditioning. Ans: C 23. A psychodynamic approach to therapy is most likely to involve A) training patients in progressive relaxation. B) suggesting interpretive insights regarding patients' difficulties. C) recommending the use of drugs during the process of psychotherapy. D) encouraging depressed patients to take more responsibility for their failures. Ans: B 24. A therapist wants to help Hannah recognize her mixed feelings of fear and love for her husband and to realize that she often experienced similar feelings for her brothers during her childhood. The therapist's goal is most clearly consistent with the aims of A) psychodynamic therapy. B) behavior therapy. C) biomedical therapy. D) client-centered therapy. Ans: A 25. A brief variation of psychodynamic therapy that has been effective in treating depression is known as A) stress inoculation training. B) exposure therapy. C) behavior modification. D) interpersonal psychotherapy. Ans: D A) B) C) D) 26. Interpersonal therapy focuses primarily on helping people to stop blaming themselves for their failures. associate relaxation with stressful circumstances. improve their relationship skills. understand the origins of their conflicts. Page 5 5/35 Ans: C 27. The psychodynamic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as A) behavior therapies. B) biomedical therapies. C) insight therapies. D) eclectic therapies. Ans: C 28. Increasing clients' awareness of their own motives and defenses is a central goal of A) exposure therapies. B) stress inoculation training. C) progressive relaxation. D) insight therapies. Ans: D 29. Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment. A) psychodynamic B) biomedical C) behavior D) humanistic Ans: D 30. Humanistic therapies aim to boost people's self-fulfillment by helping them to grow in A) progressive relaxation. B) systematic desensitization. C) a token economy. D) self-acceptance. Ans: D 31. Humanistic therapies are most likely to involve encouraging clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors. B) focusing special attention on clients' positive and negative feelings toward their therapists. C) emphasizing the importance of self-awareness for psychological adjustment. D) helping clients identify a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. Ans: C A) Page 6 6/35 32. Carl Rogers is known for the development of A) the token economy. B) stress inoculation training. C) client-centered therapy. D) systematic desensitization. Ans: C 33. Which of the following is considered to be the most nondirective form of therapy? A) client-centered therapy B) cognitive therapy C) psychoanalysis D) systematic desensitization Ans: A 34. As a psychotherapist, Dr. Buist does not analyze people's motives or diagnose the nature of their difficulties because he believes that they are in the best position to diagnose and solve their own problems. Dr. Buist's position is most characteristic of ________ therapy. A) cognitive B) psychoanalytic C) operant conditioning D) client-centered Ans: D 35. Letting another person know that you sense and understand the feelings he or she is expressing to you best demonstrates A) transference. B) progressive relaxation. C) active listening. D) free association. Ans: C 36. Tom tells his therapist that his girlfriend undermines his ability to make his own decisions. The therapist acknowledges Tom's apparent frustration and irritation and asks him to clarify how his girlfriend's actions trigger such strong feelings in him. The therapist's technique best illustrates A) systematic desensitization. B) active listening. C) interpretation. D) stress inoculation training. Page 7 7/35 Ans: B 37. Which approach emphasizes the importance of providing patients with feelings of unconditional positive regard? A) cognitive therapy B) psychoanalysis C) client-centered therapy D) systematic desensitization Ans: C 38. A therapist who nonjudgmentally accepts and values a client even when aware of the client's personal failings most clearly demonstrates A) progressive relaxation. B) free association. C) unconditional positive regard. D) transference. Ans: C 39. Client-centered therapy is most likely to involve helping clients associate anxiety-arousing stimuli with a pleasant state of relaxation. B) encouraging clients to carefully observe the consequences of their maladaptive behaviors. C) restating and clarifying what clients say during the course of therapy. D) vigorously challenging clients' self-defeating thoughts. Ans: C A) 40. Freud is to ________ as Rogers is to ________. A) psychoanalysis; counterconditioning B) free association; active listening C) dream analysis; systematic desensitization D) active listening; empathy Ans: B 41. Which of the following therapies is more concerned with removing specific troubling symptoms than with facilitating new ways of thinking? A) psychoanalysis B) behavior therapy C) client-centered therapy D) cognitive therapy Page 8 8/35 Ans: B 42. Cindy suggested that her nail biting might be a symptom of unconscious resentment toward her parents. Her therapist chuckled and said, “No, Cindy, your problem isn't unconscious hostility; your problem is nail biting.” It sounds like Cindy's therapist is applying principles of ________ therapy. A) behavior B) humanistic C) cognitive D) psychodynamic Ans: A 43. Principles derived from psychologists' understanding of classical conditioning have most directly influenced the development of A) humanistic therapies. B) cognitive therapies. C) psychodynamic therapies. D) behavior therapies. Ans: D 44. Repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus that triggers distress with an unconditioned stimulus that triggers pleasure best illustrates A) free association. B) counterconditioning. C) stress inoculation training. D) unconditional positive regard. Ans: B 45. Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by A) Ivan Pavlov. B) Carl Rogers. C) B.F. Skinner. D) Sigmund Freud. Ans: A 46. O. H. Mowrer trained children to discontinue bed-wetting by arranging for an alarm to sound each time they wet their beds. This technique best illustrates a therapeutic application of A) systematic desensitization. B) cognitive-behavioral therapy. Page 9 9/35 C) D) Ans: stress inoculation training. classical conditioning. D 47. To reduce his daughter's fear of the dark, Mr. Chew would hug and gently rock her immediately after turning off the lights at bedtime. Mr. Chew's strategy best illustrates the technique of A) stress inoculation training. B) transference. C) free association. D) counterconditioning. Ans: D 48. Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of A) stress inoculation training. B) exposure therapies. C) behavior modification. D) transference. Ans: B 49. Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles? A) the token economy B) systematic desensitization C) stress inoculation training D) interpersonal psychotherapy Ans: B 50. The exposure therapies used today were refined by A) Sigmund Freud. B) Joseph Wolpe. C) Egas Moniz. D) Carl Rogers. Ans: B 51. The repeated association of pleasant relaxing states with stimuli that arouse fear is a central feature of A) humanistic therapy. B) systematic desensitization. C) cognitive therapy. D) stress inoculation training. Ans: B Page 10 10/35 52. Systematic desensitization involves the use of A) aversive conditioning. B) stress inoculation training. C) unconditional positive regard. D) progressive relaxation. Ans: D 53. The construction of an anxiety hierarchy and training in relaxation are important aspects of A) aversive conditioning. B) systematic desensitization. C) interpersonal psychotherapy. D) stress inoculation training. Ans: B 54. To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches, his therapist instructs him to relax and then to imagine speaking to a group of four people. The therapist is using A) client-centered therapy. B) cognitive therapy. C) systematic desensitization. D) aversive conditioning. Ans: C 55. Mr. Vogt is terribly afraid of being alone in his own house at night. The behavior therapy most likely to be used to reduce this fear would be A) free association. B) systematic desensitization. C) a token economy. D) aversive conditioning. Ans: B 56. With ________, the therapist replaces a fearful response with a relaxation response. A) systematic desensitization B) free association C) aversive conditioning D) transference Ans: A Page 11 11/35 57. Which of the following is a form of counterconditioning? A) unconditional positive regard B) stress inoculation training C) virtual reality exposure therapy D) free association Ans: C 58. Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of A) hallucinations. B) obsessions. C) depression. D) phobias. Ans: D 59. Aversive conditioning involves A) replacing a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response. B) identifying a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. C) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. D) systematically controlling the consequences of patients' maladaptive behaviors. Ans: C 60. To treat nail biting, one can paint a patient's fingernails with a nasty-tasting nail polish. This procedure best illustrates A) transference. B) stress inoculation training. C) aversive conditioning. D) systematic desensitization. Ans: C 61. Whenever 2-year-old Calista runs into the street in front of her house, her mother immediately spanks her. The mother's technique most closely resembles the procedure known as A) systematic desensitization. B) free association. C) aversive conditioning. D) stress inoculation training. Ans: C 62. If therapy clients repeatedly imbibe an alcoholic drink mixed with a nausea-producing drug, an alcoholic drink without the drug is likely to become a(n) ________ for feelings Page 12 12/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: of nausea. US UR CS CR C 63. Mrs. Laiti is a compulsive gambler. To reduce her attraction to this self-defeating activity, a behavior therapist would most likely use A) stress inoculation training. B) systematic desensitization. C) a token economy. D) aversive conditioning. Ans: D 64. Principles of operant conditioning have most directly influenced the development of A) cognitive therapies. B) humanistic therapies. C) behavior therapies. D) psychodynamic therapies. Ans: C 65. The practice of ________ is based on the application of operant conditioning principles. A) unconditional positive regard B) systematic desensitization C) free association D) behavior modification Ans: D 66. Influencing patients by therapeutically controlling the consequences of their actions illustrates an application of A) humanistic therapy. B) classical conditioning. C) systematic desensitization. D) operant conditioning. Ans: D 67. In one treatment program, parents spent 40 hours a week attempting to shape the behavior of their uncommunicative 3-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder. This program most clearly involved Page 13 13/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: client-centered therapy. behavior therapy. psychodynamic therapy. stress inoculation training. B 68. What would be most helpful for encouraging adults with intellectual disabilities to make their beds every morning? A) cognitive therapy B) aversive conditioning C) a token economy D) systematic desensitization Ans: C 69. In which operant conditioning procedure are positive reinforcers given for desired behaviors? A) a token economy B) systematic desensitization C) aversive conditioning D) free association Ans: A 70. Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' strategy illustrates an application of A) transference. B) operant conditioning. C) systematic desensitization. D) counterconditioning. Ans: B 71. Which of the following is most often criticized for violating clients' rights to personal freedom and self-determination? A) cognitive therapy B) client-centered therapy C) behavior modification D) systematic desensitization Ans: C 72. Proponents of ________ have argued that maintaining appropriate patient behaviors Page 14 14/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: with positive rewards is more humane than relying on punishment. stress inoculation training aversive conditioning token economies free association C 73. Cognitive therapies are most likely to focus on the extent to which emotional disturbances result from A) self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events. B) chemical abnormalities within the brain. C) overly permissive child-raising practices. D) poverty, unemployment, racism, and sexism. Ans: A 74. Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapy. A) psychodynamic B) cognitive C) client-centered D) behavior Ans: B 75. Although Ethan is actually doing very well in college, he feels depressed and academically incompetent. His therapist has instructed him to explain in writing how his good grades resulted from his own hard work and personal abilities. This therapeutic procedure is most characteristic of ________ therapy. A) behavior B) cognitive C) psychodynamic D) humanistic Ans: B 76. Self-blaming explanations of bad events often fuel a depressed mood that leads to behavioral withdrawal and the later pain of feeling lonely. This best illustrates that depression may involve A) a vicious cycle. B) a token economy. C) transference. D) systematic desensitization. Ans: A Page 15 15/35 77. Persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of A) Rogers' client-centered therapy. B) Beck's cognitive therapy. C) Wolpe's exposure therapy. D) Freud's psychoanalysis. Ans: B 78. Aaron Beck has used gentle questioning intended to reveal depressed clients' irrational thinking. His therapeutic approach best illustrates A) unconditional positive regard. B) systematic desensitization. C) cognitive therapy. D) free association. Ans: C 79. Because he performed below the class average on his first college psychology test, Aaron concluded that he was incredibly stupid, that he would fail the course, and that he would never be successful in life. Aaron's conclusions best illustrate A) a token economy. B) systematic desensitization. C) catastrophizing. D) transference. Ans: C 80. Which of the following is a form of cognitive therapy? A) behavior modification B) systematic desensitization C) stress inoculation training D) transference Ans: C 81. Jenna is afraid of speaking to a large audience. Her therapist suggests that prior to a speaking engagement she should reassure herself with comments like, “Cheer up, Jenna. You know what you're talking about and your topic is really interesting!” This approach to reducing Jenna's fear most clearly illustrates A) aversive conditioning. B) client-centered therapy. C) systematic desensitization. Page 16 16/35 D) Ans: stress inoculation training. D 82. Counteracting self-blame by reattributing responsibility for past negative outcomes is a cognitive therapy technique designed to A) reveal beliefs. B) test beliefs. C) change beliefs. D) rank beliefs. Ans: C 83. By examining the actual consequences associated with anxiety-provoking situations, cognitive therapy clients usually find that the consequences are not as bad as they had imagined. This most directly helps to A) reattribute responsibility. B) decatastrophize thinking. C) rank emotions and thoughts. D) promote transference. Ans: B 84. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is designed to combine drug therapy with psychotherapy. focus attention on clients' negative as well as positive feelings toward their therapists. C) modify clients' self-defeating thoughts and their maladaptive behaviors. D) encourage clients to value their unique moment-to-moment feelings. Ans: C A) B) 85. Dr. Jackson reinforces depressed clients for their participation in pleasant activities and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from engaging in those activities. Dr. Jackson's treatment approach best illustrates A) exposure therapy. B) client-centered therapy. C) psychodynamic therapy. D) cognitive-behavioral therapy. Ans: D 86. In one study, people were taught to attribute their compulsive urges to abnormal brain functioning. Instead of giving in to an urge, they participated in an alternative activity that engaged other parts of the brain. This strategy for dealing with their difficulty best Page 17 17/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: illustrates systematic desensitization. cognitive-behavioral therapy. biomedical therapy. psychodynamic therapy. B 87. A useful feature of group therapy is that it ensures that therapists will become more emotionally involved in clients' real-life problems. B) eliminates the possibility that clients will experience anxiety during therapy. C) encourages clients to improve their communication skills. D) enables severely disturbed individuals to quickly regain normal social functioning. Ans: C A) 88. The belief that no person is an island is the fundamental assumption of A) family therapy. B) client-centered therapy. C) cognitive therapy. D) systematic desensitization. Ans: A 89. Which form of treatment is especially likely to focus on the goal of healing social relationships? A) behavior therapy B) psychoanalysis C) family therapy D) cognitive therapy Ans: C 90. To help Mrs. Otsuki lose weight, her therapist first attempted to assess whether her weight loss might be personally threatening to her husband. The therapist's concern is most characteristic of A) biomedical therapy. B) client-centered therapy. C) family therapy. D) psychodynamic therapy. Ans: C 91. Many self-help groups have emulated the use of ________ by Alcoholics Anonymous. Page 18 18/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: free association progressive relaxation a 12-step program systematic desensitization C 92. AA participants whose personal stories include a ________ narrative are more often successful in sustaining sobriety. A) death-anxiety B) redemptive C) lost relationship D) self-victimization Ans: B 93. Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy indicates that A) clients are generally satisfied with the effectiveness of therapy. B) clients' perceptions are the best evidence available for the effectiveness of therapy. C) clients tend to underestimate how much they have improved as a result of therapy. D) therapy is no more effective than having a friend to talk to. Ans: A 94. The healing power resulting from a client's expectation that a psychotherapeutic treatment will be effective best illustrates A) the therapeutic alliance. B) the comorbidity of disorders. C) meta-analysis. D) the placebo effect. Ans: D 95. Because she mistakenly thought that completing a diagnostic test was a therapeutic treatment for her anxiety disorder, Mrs. Shyam felt considerable relief for several weeks following the test. Mrs. Shyam's reaction best illustrates A) meta-analysis. B) animal magnetism. C) the placebo effect. D) a randomized clinical trial. Ans: C 96. Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are often misleading because clients Page 19 19/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: typically underestimate how much they have improved as a result of therapy. tend to focus on their behavioral changes rather than on changes in their attitudes and emotions. often need to convince themselves that they didn't waste their money on therapy. are often angry about the time-consuming nature of therapy. C 97. Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are likely to be misleading because A) therapists typically minimize the seriousness of their clients' symptoms when therapy begins. B) clients typically emphasize their problems at the start of therapy and their wellbeing at the end of therapy. C) clients tend to focus on their observable behavioral problems rather than on their mental and emotional abilities. D) therapists typically overestimate their clients' potential levels of adjustment. Ans: B 98. Hans Eysenck's summary of 24 early psychotherapy outcome studies was disturbing because it suggested that patient improvement was not necessarily the result of A) animal magnetism. B) the placebo effect. C) psychotherapy. D) comorbidity. Ans: C 99. The best psychotherapy outcome studies are randomized clinical trials comparing treatment groups with ________ groups. A) eclectic B) token economy C) control D) virtual reality Ans: C 100. Which of the following is a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies? A) therapeutic alliance B) randomized clinical trials C) meta-analysis D) evidence-based practice Ans: C Page 20 20/35 101. Klaus is a psychology graduate student who wants to determine whether psychodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for depression. To combine the results of numerous published studies on this issue, Klaus should use a technique called A) the placebo effect. B) comorbidity assessment. C) evidence-based practice. D) meta-analysis. Ans: D 102. Statistical summaries of psychotherapy outcome studies indicate that A) psychotherapy is no more effective than talking to a friend. B) no single form of therapy proves consistently superior to the others. C) psychotherapy actually harms just as many people as it helps. D) it is impossible to measure the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Ans: B 103. A Consumer Reports survey found that the level of satisfaction with psychotherapy among clients A) was strongly linked to whether their therapists had extensive training and experience. B) was unrelated to whether they were seen by therapists in a group or in an individual context. C) depended on whether they had been treated by a psychiatrist or psychologist, rather than by a social worker. D) was greatest among those who had also received drug therapy. Ans: B 104. Cognitive therapies have achieved especially favorable results in the treatment of A) phobias. B) depression. C) compulsions. D) bed-wetting. Ans: B 105. Because Gretchen is afraid of contracting infectious diseases, she compulsively avoids shaking people's hands or touching doorknobs. Research suggests that an especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve A) client-centered therapy. B) psychodynamic therapy. Page 21 21/35 C) D) Ans: cognitive therapy. behavioral conditioning therapy. D 106. Psychotherapy is MOST likely to be effective in freeing A) Sharon from the feeling that her life is meaningless and worthless. B) Portia from her delusions of persecution and auditory hallucinations. C) Jim from an excessive fear of giving speeches in public. D) Luther from his antisocial personality disorder. Ans: C 107. Which of the following treatment approaches has received little or no scientific support? A) psychodynamic therapy B) exposure therapies C) energy therapies D) aversive conditioning Ans: C 108. Increasingly, insurer and government support for mental health services requires A) client-centered therapy. B) light exposure therapy. C) evidence-based practice. D) a token economy. Ans: C 109. Ideal clinical decision making is a three-legged stool upheld by clinical expertise, knowledge of the patient, and A) transference. B) a token economy. C) research evidence. D) the self-justification motive. Ans: C 110. At a local community meeting with friends, Jim heard dozens of personal testimonials regarding the amazing relief from depression produced by an over-the-counter herbal supplement. Before committing to purchase this herbal remedy, Jim should first determine whether studies of the effectiveness of this remedy had properly controlled for A) meta-analysis. B) exposure therapy. Page 22 22/35 C) D) Ans: the placebo effect. a token economy. C 111. EMDR was originally developed for the treatment of A) alcohol use disorder. B) bulimia. C) depression. D) anxiety. Ans: D 112. Which of the following is most likely to contribute to inflated estimates of the value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing? A) meta-analysis B) comorbidity assessment C) randomized clinical trials D) the placebo effect Ans: D 113. Many suspect that EMDR may be therapeutic because of its similarity to A) psychoanalysis. B) aversive conditioning. C) exposure therapy. D) cognitive-behavioral therapy. Ans: C 114. Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those with a seasonal pattern in their depression symptoms? A) behavioral conditioning therapies B) EMDR C) psychoanalysis D) light exposure therapy Ans: D 115. The value of light exposure therapy appears to result in part from its influence on people's A) hormones. B) therapeutic alliance. C) sense of body balance. D) visual acuity. Ans: A Page 23 23/35 116. Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are A) evidence-based practice, nondirective treatment, and meta-analysis. B) hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship. C) exposure, desensitization, and relaxation. D) insight, comorbidity, and a placebo effect. Ans: B 117. The psychotherapeutic value of hope is best illustrated by A) meta-analysis. B) the placebo effect. C) desensitization. D) animal magnetism. Ans: B 118. After several sessions, Jake and his psychotherapist have developed a sense of trust in each another and agree about their respective roles and the treatment outcomes they are working to achieve. Jake and his therapist have most clearly developed a(n) A) evidence-based practice. B) randomized clinical trial. C) therapeutic alliance. D) meta-analysis. Ans: C 119. Which of the following is most clearly a key contributor to the formation of the therapeutic alliance? A) meta-analysis B) the self-justification motive C) randomization D) an empathic therapist Ans: D 120. Immigrants from Asia would most likely experience difficulty as clients of American psychotherapists who emphasize the value of A) marital fidelity. B) individualism. C) forgiveness. D) humility. Ans: B Page 24 24/35 121. Researchers have found that matching Asian-American clients with counselors who share their cultural values facilitates A) the therapeutic alliance. B) comorbidity. C) evidence-based practice. D) meta-analysis. Ans: A 122. Many clinical psychologists have a Ph.D. degree, which indicates that they A) have a medical license. B) underwent research training. C) majored in psychoanalysis. D) had to undergo EMDR. Ans: B 123. A physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders is called a A) clinical psychologist. B) behavioral neuroscientist. C) cognitive therapist. D) psychiatrist. Ans: D 124. Although Dr. Anderson uses systematic desensitization for the treatment of phobias, he prescribes antianxiety drugs as well. It is most likely that Dr. Anderson is a A) psychoanalyst. B) client-centered therapist. C) cognitive therapist. D) psychiatrist. Ans: D 125. The biomedical treatment most widely used today is A) electroconvulsive therapy. B) psychosurgery. C) drug therapy. D) rTMS. Ans: C 126. The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called A) psychosurgery. B) psychobiology. Page 25 25/35 C) D) Ans: ECT. psychopharmacology. D 127. Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which the effectiveness of a drug is attributable to A) deep-brain stimulation. B) tardive dyskinesia. C) a placebo effect. D) rTMS. Ans: C 128. The double-blind procedure involves A) using drug therapy on one patient and brain stimulation on another. B) a research method in which neither patients nor health care staff know whether a given patient is receiving a drug or a placebo. C) the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic treatments in the hope that at least one will be effective. D) administering deep-brain stimulation to those whose depression has resisted drug therapy. Ans: B 129. Dr. Volz is a researcher who wants to distinguish between the direct effects of a new antianxiety medication and effects arising from expectations of the drug's effectiveness. Dr. Volz is most likely to use a method known as A) the double-blind procedure. B) neurogenesis. C) rTMS. D) ECT. Ans: A 130. Which drug dampens responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms? A) lithium B) D-cycloserine C) chlorpromazine D) Ativan Ans: C 131. Antipsychotic drugs have proved helpful in the treatment of Page 26 26/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: dissociative disorders. schizophrenia. depression. anxiety disorders. B 132. Of the following individuals, who is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs that block receptor sites for dopamine? A) Amir, who complains about feeling tense and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why B) Matthew, who feels hopeless and lethargic after losing his job C) Betsy, who hears imaginary voices telling her she will soon be killed D) Marcella, who is so obsessed with fear of a heart attack that she frequently counts her heartbeats aloud Ans: C 133. Long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs can produce involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs. This menacing condition is known as A) serotonin reuptake inhibition. B) tardive dyskinesia. C) Parkinson's disease. D) neurogenesis. Ans: B 134. Although many of the newer-generation antipsychotics, such as Risperdal, are less likely to produce disturbing tremors and twitches, these drugs may increase the risk of A) bipolar disorder. B) memory loss. C) panic disorder. D) obesity. Ans: D 135. Which drugs are designed to depress central nervous system activity? A) antipsychotic drugs B) antianxiety drugs C) antidepressant drugs D) mood-stabilizing drugs Ans: B 136. To help an adult client overcome fears of venturing out of his home, Dr. Ricci plans to Page 27 27/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: use behavior therapy in combination with drug therapy. Which of the following drugs would Dr. Ricci be most likely to prescribe? lithium Depakote Ativan Thorazine C 137. Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from Ativan? A) Mary, who is being treated with systematic desensitization to overcome a fear of flying B) Mark, who is receiving psychodynamic therapy to improve his relationship with his wife C) June, who is being treated with aversive conditioning to overcome alcohol use disorder D) Aaron, who is receiving cognitive therapy to overcome major depressive disorder Ans: A 138. Which drug enhances the benefits of exposure therapy and helps relieve the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder? A) Risperdal B) Depakote C) Thorazine D) D-cycloserine Ans: D 139. Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms following the discontinued use of an antianxiety drug are indicative of A) rTMS. B) neurogenesis. C) tardive dyskinesia. D) addiction. Ans: D 140. Increasing the availability of norepinephrine and serotonin helps relieve depression because these neurotransmitters A) reduce tardive dyskinesia. B) increase appetite. C) elevate arousal. D) occupy dopamine receptor sites. Ans: C Page 28 28/35 141. Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called A) antipsychotic drugs. B) mood-stabilizing drugs. C) antianxiety drugs. D) SSRIs. Ans: D 142. Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are prescribed to A) reduce involuntary muscle movements. B) reduce hallucinations and paranoia. C) elevate arousal and mood. D) decrease the availability of norepinephrine. Ans: C 143. SSRIs work by A) speeding recovery from delusions and hallucinations. B) slowing the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses. C) successfully leveling the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder. D) stimulating the release of norepinephrine into the bloodstream. Ans: B 144. Alex feels so hopeless and depressed that he has recently thought about taking his own life. The drug most likely to prove beneficial to him is A) Ativan. B) Prozac. C) Xanax. D) Thorazine. Ans: B 145. Dual-action antidepressant drugs work by increasing the availability of A) dopamine and acetylcholine. B) serotonin and dopamine. C) acetylcholine and norepinephrine. D) norepinephrine and serotonin. Ans: D 146. Researchers are exploring the possible use of quicker-acting antidepressants such as ketamine, which blocks receptor sites for the neurotransmitter Page 29 29/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: serotonin. norepinephrine. dopamine. glutamate. D 147. Antidepressant drugs have been found to be less effective than originally thought in large part because patient improvement often results from both natural recovery and A) the double-blind procedure. B) the placebo effect. C) neurogenesis. D) long-term potentiation. Ans: B 148. Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of A) anxiety disorders. B) schizophrenia. C) dissociative disorders. D) bipolar disorder. Ans: D 149. Mr. McCardle's excessive feelings of helplessness and despondency are periodically interrupted by episodes in which he experiences extreme feelings of personal power and a grandiose optimism about his future. Which drug would most likely be prescribed to alleviate his symptoms? A) Ativan B) Thorazine C) Xanax D) lithium Ans: D 150. Depakote, a drug originally used to treat epilepsy, more recently has been found to be effective in the control of A) tardive dyskinesia. B) auditory hallucinations. C) manic episodes. D) phobias. Ans: C 151. Which of the following treatments is most likely to be used only with severely Page 30 30/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: depressed patients who have not responded to drug therapy? a lobotomy electroconvulsive therapy therapeutic lifestyle change the double-blind procedure B 152. A biomedical treatment for severe depression in which a brief electrical current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient is A) a lobotomy. B) the double-blind procedure. C) electroconvulsive therapy. D) rTMS. Ans: C 153. Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from electroconvulsive therapy? A) Mark, who feels so depressed that he recently tried to commit suicide B) Mary, who suffers from amnesia and has lost her sense of identity C) Jim, who experiences visual hallucinations and suffers from a delusion that enemy spies are following him D) Luke, who suffers from a compulsion to wash his hands at least once every 15 minutes Ans: A 154. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation shows greatest promise for the treatment of A) schizophrenia. B) phobias. C) depression. D) PTSD. Ans: C 155. Compared with ECT, rTMS is ________ likely to produce seizures and ________ likely to produce memory loss. A) more; more B) less; less C) more; less D) less; more Ans: B Page 31 31/35 156. It has been suggested that the effectiveness of ________ results from energizing the left frontal lobe of the brain. A) a lobotomy B) rTMS C) Xanax D) tardive dyskinesia Ans: B 157. The use of deep-brain stimulation for treating depression involves manipulating activity in a neural hub that bridges the frontal lobes to the A) thalamus. B) temporal lobes. C) reticular formation. D) limbic system. Ans: D 158. Deep-brain stimulation is a form of A) psychodynamic therapy. B) cognitive therapy. C) behavior therapy. D) biomedical therapy. Ans: D 159. Although more research is needed, deep-brain stimulation shows some promise for the treatment of A) auditory hallucinations. B) addictive drug cravings. C) tardive dyskinesia. D) manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder. Ans: B 160. Though not performed today, lobotomies provide a historical example of A) psychosurgery. B) psychopharmacology. C) electroconvulsive therapy. D) neurogenesis. Ans: A 161. Surgically cutting the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain is called Page 32 32/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: psychopharmacology. neurogenesis. a lobotomy. ECT. C 162. Which psychosurgical procedure was designed to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients? A) electroconvulsive therapy B) the double-blind technique C) lobotomy D) rTMS Ans: C 163. Which of the following procedures has typically resulted in patients becoming permanently lethargic? A) deep-brain stimulation B) electroconvulsive therapy C) a lobotomy D) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation Ans: C 164. Antidepressant drugs, a fresh perspective on his problems, and a strong therapeutic alliance all contributed to helping David recover from major depressive disorder. An integrated understanding of David's recovery process is best provided by A) rTMS. B) biomedical therapy. C) a biopsychosocial approach. D) a client-centered perspective. Ans: C 165. Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are important components of A) psychopharmacology. B) systematic desensitization. C) natural recovery. D) therapeutic lifestyle change. Ans: D 166. Which of the following is one of the goals promoted in training programs for therapeutic Page 33 33/35 A) B) C) D) Ans: lifestyle change? long-term potentiation deep-brain stimulation neurogenesis anti-rumination D 167. Connie is a 20-year-old who is stressed by the financial challenges and heavy workload associated with being a full-time college student. Which of the following would most likely help her to avoid or minimize episodes of depression? A) a token economy B) therapeutic lifestyle change C) systematic desensitization D) aversive conditioning Ans: B 168. Preventive mental health is based on the assumption that psychological disorders result from A) repressed impulses and conflicts. B) stressful social situations. C) abnormal personality traits. D) long-term potentiation. Ans: B 169. Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to alleviate the conditions that cause child abuse and illiteracy in society? A) biomedical therapy B) psychopharmacology C) preventive mental health D) psychosurgery Ans: C 170. Research and social action designed to create environments that support psychological health best defines the focus of A) psychiatry. B) community psychology. C) psychopharmacology. D) clinical psychology Ans: B Page 34 34/35 171. More than 9 in 10 New Yorkers, although stunned and grief-stricken by the 9/11 terrorist attack, did not have a dysfunctional stress reaction. This best illustrates A) systematic desensitization. B) tardive dyskinesia. C) resistance. D) resilience. Ans: D 172. People whose life history includes some adversity often come to enjoy better mental health and well-being than those who have never faced any significant adversity. This best illustrates the importance of A) a placebo effect. B) psychopharmacology. C) a psychodynamic perspective. D) posttraumatic growth. Ans: D 173. Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and who begin to savor the joy of each new day best illustrate A) psychopharmacology. B) tardive dyskinesia. C) posttraumatic growth. D) long-term potentiation. Ans: C Page 35 35/35