Behavioral Sciences 7 Psychological Disorders

Behavioral Sciences 7: Psychological Disorders Types of Psych Disorders Understanding Psych Disorders Behaviorist Approach: Schizophrenia: Prototypical disorder with psychosis. Positive Symptoms: Add something to behavior, cognition or affect. Such as delusions or hallucinations. Biomedical Approach: Negative Symptoms: The loss of something. Such as disturbances of affect and avolition. Depressive Include major depressive disorder and seasonal affective Disorders: disorder. Major Dep Disorder: At least 1 major depressive episode. Persistent Dep Disorder: Dysthymia for at least 2 years that doesn’t meet criteria for Major Depressive Disorder. Seasonal Affective Disorder: Depression occurring in winter. Anxiety Disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, and panic disorder. Obsessive- Obsessions: Persistent, intrusive thoughts & impulses. Compulsive Disorder: Compulsions: Repetitive tasks that relieve tension but cause impairment in a person’s life. Body Dysmorphic Unrealistic negative evaluation of one’s appearance. Disorder: PTSD: Intrusive symptoms such as flashbacks, nightmares. Avoidance symptoms, negative cognitive symptoms & arousal symptoms. Dissociative Dissociative Amnesia: Can’t recall past experiences. Disorders: Dissociative Fugue: Assumption of a new identity. Takes into account only physical and medical causes. Biopsychosocial Considers relative contributions of biological, Approach: psychological, and social components. Psychodynamic Related to Freud’s psychoanalysis. Approach: DSM-5: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Categorizes mental disorders based on symptoms. Bipolar and Related Manic or hypomanic episodes. Disorders: Bipolar I: At least one manic episode. Bipolar II: At least one hypomanic episode & at least one major depressive episode. Cyclothymic Disorder: Hypomanic episodes with dysthymia. Classical and operant conditioning shapes the disorder. Biological Basis Schizophrenia: Genetic factors, birth trauma, marijuana use, family history. Depression: ! glucocorticoids, ¯ norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine. Bipolar !norepinephrine and serotonin. Also heritable. Disorders: Alzheimer’s: Genetic factors, brain atrophy, ¯acetylcholine, senile plaques of b-amyloid. Parkinson’s: Bradykinesia, resting tremor, pill-rolling tremor, masklike facies, cogwheel rigidity, and a shuffling gait. ¯dopamine Dissociative Identity Disorder: Multiple personalities. Depersonalization / Derealization Disorder: Feeling detached from the mind and body, or environment. Somatic Symptom & Involve significant bodily symptoms. Related Disorders: Somatic Symptom Disorder: “Somatoform disorder”. A somatic symptom causes disproportionate concern. Illness Anxiety Disorder: Preoccupation with thoughts about having or coming down with illness. Conversion Disorder: Associated with prior trauma, involves unexplained symptoms resulting in loss of body function. Hypochondriasis: “Illness Anxiety Disorder”. One strongly believes he or she has a serious illness despite few or no symptoms. Personality Patterns of inflexible, maladaptive behavior that cause distress Disorders: or impaired function. Cluster A: “weird” - Paranoid, schizotypal, schizoid. Cluster B: “wild” - antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic. Cluster C: “worried” – avoidant, dependent, OC. Personality Disorder Clusters “Weird” “Wild” “Worried”