Nutrition Homework Minerals and Water

NutriTools: Vitamin and Mineral CharacteristicsWhich of the following is a common characteristic of all vitamins and minerals? They provide no kilocalories for the body Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins but not minerals? They can be either water or fat soluble Which of the following is a characteristic of minerals but not vitamins? Minerals are inorganic molecules, while vitamins are organic Practical Nutrition Tips: Sodium: what you need compared to what you consume What is the minimum amount of sodium that you need to consume daily? 180mg What is the amount of sodium that Americans, on average, consume daily? More than 3,000mg The majority of the sodium in your diet is coming from—-The sodium that is added to processed foods Practical Nutrition Tips: Are Enhanced Waters Necessary? A serving of enhanced water can contain as many as three teaspoons of—--Sugar How many teaspoons of added sugars are found in the enhanced water in the video? 8 teaspoons For optimal hydration, you should drink—--Water NutriTools: Know your Iron Sources Which of the following foods is the best source of iron? Meat Which of the following lists presents the foods in order from the best to the poorest source of iron? Beef, dark meat chicken, white meat chicken Jessi is a vegan and knows she needs to consume more iron. She does not want to take supplements, but instead gets iron from natural foods. Which of the following would be the best source of iron for jessi that does not include animal products? Lentils Which of the following vegetables would be the best source of iron? Spinach Meats are the only food group with a significant amount of iron. False Animation: Water Balance Because the body can store water like it does fat, humans can survive for 10 to 15 days without water as long as they have food to eat False Which statement regarding water balance is true? A woman on a daily diet of 2500 kcal needs approximately 3000 ml of water The amount of urine the body produces depends only on a person's age. False The majority of excess water is excreted through—--Urine output Animation: Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid Approximately 66 percent of our body water is found in the extracellular fluid. False Which of the following choices most completely describes the functions of water in the body? Water is essential for all of these functions. ( digestion, transporting nutrients, protection and lubrication) Water carries heat away from the body core to cool the body when needed through the process known as evaporation. True Animation: Role of Electrolytes in Water Balance Electrolytes control fluid balance in the cells. True Which of the following statements is false? A cell will shrink when the concentration of electrolytes is greater inside the cell than outside the cell Focus Figure 8.7: Fluid Balance during Exercise 1. Fluid balance depends on maintaining an equal concentration of water and electrolytes inside the cell and outside the cells. 2. Charged ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride are called electrolytes 3. The feeling of dry mouth experienced during dehydration is part of the body's thirst mechanism 4. The process by which water (the solvent) moves in and out of cells from an area of lower concentration of solutes to an area of higher concentration solutes is called osmosis 5. If you are not consuming enough water or are excreting too much water from your body, dehydration can occur 6. Diuretics are substances that cause the body to lose water 7. The liquid that is between cells is called interstitial fluid 8. Hyponatremia occurs when the amount of sodium in the blood is low 9. Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary glands signals the kidneys to cut down on water lost via urine excretion Dehydration, fluid balance, and hyponatremiaDehydration This state can occur as a result of severe diarrhea and/or vomiting or abuse of diuretics Older adults, those with vigorous jobs, and individuals who are physically active are particularly at risk for this state. Water balanceThis state occurs when enough fluid is consumed to allow for an equal concentration of electrolytes between the intra- and extracellular fluid compartments This state occurs when the thrift mechanism has been successful HyponatremiaThis state occurs when too much fluid (particularly pure water) is consumed in a short period of time This state can result in swelling of tissues, including the brain Water Loss and GainWater lossThe fluid volume in the blood is decreasing Net movement of water is out of the cells Antidiuretic hormone is released from the pituitary gland, causing the kidneys to decrease the volume of water used to make urine. Urine becomes darker in color Thirst mechanism is triggered Water gainNet movement of water is into the cells The fluid volume in the blood is increasing Urine becomes lighter in color Concentration of electrolytes outside the cells is decreasing compared to that inside the cells. Assessing HydrationHydration status can be determined by paying attention to various indicators. Read the statements below and select the correct statements regarding how to assess hydration. Dark urine can be an indicator of water imbalance Reduced saliva production can be an indicator of dehydration Water lossWater contained in consumed food or drink is absorbed from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. There are many routes by which water can then leave the body, resulting in water loss. Read the statements below and select the correct statements regarding water loss. Water loss through breathing (respiration) is a type of insensible water loss The greatest amount of water loss occurs via production by the kidneys NutriTools: Know your Calcium Sources Which of the following foods is the best source of calcium? Milk Edgar does not like drinking milk but he likes cheese, yogurt, and icecream. What can you tell about edgars calcium intake? Edgar is getting adequate calcium from his diet. Cheese, yogurt, and ice cream are good sources of calcium Carol is a vegan and does not eat dairy foods. Is it possible for her to obtain the daily recommended amount of calcium from a diet without taking supplements? Carol can easily obtain adequate amounts of calcium from natural foods, even if she is a vegan. One cup of skim milk has approximately 80 kcal. One ounce of cheddar cheese has approximately 115 kcal. How many kcals one would need to be consumed to get approximately 250 mg of calcium from these two food sources? Skim milk- 80 kcal; cheddar cheese- 230 kcal The dairy group is the only food group with a significant amount of calcium False NutriTools: Mineral Functionality Which of the following minerals is linked with energy metabolism? Potassium Which of the following minerals is linked with fluid and electrolyte balance? Potassium Which of the following minerals is linked with antioxidant function? Selenium Which of the following minerals is linked with blood health? Iron Which of the following minerals is linked with bone health? Phosphourus Visual Summary for Chapter 8: Minerals and Water The Vocabulary of Trace Minerals 1. Heme iron is found in animal foods like meat and poultry, whereas the nonheme iron form is found in plant foods like grains and vegetables 2. The metal and trace mineral copper is part of several enzymes and proteins 3. Adequate zinc is important for maintaining a healthy immune system and may aid in wound healing 4. Selenium acts as an antioxidant and aids in thyroid function 5. Fluoride is not considered essential, but is very important for maintaining strong healthy teeth 6. The deficiency disease goiter was much more common before iodine was added to salt in the United States 7. Manganese acts as a cofactor for a variety of enzymes and also plays a role in synthesis of bone Understanding MineralsSodiumExcess intake may contribute to hypertension (high blood pressure) in those sensitive to this mineral ChlorideThis mineral participates in digestion as part of hydrochloric acid in the stomach PotassiumA deficiency of this mineral may lead to muscle weakness, cramps, and an irregular heartbeat CalciumThis mineral may be found in dairy products, leafy greens, and fish like salmon or sardines PhosphorusThis mineral helps provide structure for cell membranes, and is part of the backbone of DNA and RNA MagnesiumLarge intakes of this nutrient in supplement form may cause diarrhea, cramps, and nausea The Role of Minerals in Healthy Bone Tissue and Osteoporosis Risk Water is essential for survival. It is important to understand the factors that affect water balance and the best sources to help an individual meet daily water requirements. Select all the sentences below that correctly describe water. Water helps maintain body temperature Diuretics like alcohol and some medications can cause the body to lose water