Plant Architecture And Flower Dissection

Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Vascular and Nonvascular Plant Architecture Complete the tables and questions below. The textbook and Internet resources may be used for describing characteristics and answering the associated questions. Pictures of the slides may be helpful when studying for the lab practical. Characteristics include unique or prominent features (e.g., life cycle, reproduction, structural features, or nutritional highlights). Add any information that will be helpful for study. Two or three students may work together; however each student must provide answers in his or her own words. All references should be included at the end of the assignment in GCU . Table 1 Observation of Prepared Specimens Name (group classification) Marchantia antheridia Marchantia archegonia Drawing and Total Magnification (required) Description/ Characteristics (3 or more) Reside in moist and shady places Thalloid plant body Reproductive bodies present on dorsal surface (Admin,2021) Picture (optional) Multilayered complex thallus Develop on upper side of disc 12-14 archegonia arranged in single row (Biology discussion, 2016) 1 Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Moss antheridia Visible to the eye Jacket cells orange or rust Biflagellate sperm (Encyclopedia Britanica,n.d.) Moss archegonia Female reproductive Flask-shaped Contains eggs (Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.) Fern antheridia Jacket of sterile cells Male sex organ Produces many sperm cells (Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.) 2 Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Fern archegonia Female Flask-Shaped Only one egg (Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.) 3 Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Table 1 Continued Observation of Prepared Specimens Name (group classification) Monocot leaf Eudicot (dicot) leaf Monocot stem Drawing and Total Magnification (required) Description/ Characteristics (3 or more) Narrow Elongated Vascular bungles (Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.) Net-like veins Broad, smaller Upper and lower layers distinguishable from each other (Sapkota, 2021) Vascular bundles outside of stem No pith region Scattered vascular bundles (Plant structure ll, n.d.) Picture (optional) Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Eudicot (dicot) stem: woody Eudicot (dicot) stem: herbaceous Ranunculus Monocot root Copmosed of cork Vascular cambium Pith at the center of it all (Buena Vista University, n.d.) Has an epidermis isolated vascular bundles Has a cortex (Buena Vista University, n.d.) Fibrous Parenchyma cells Circular (Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.) Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Table 1 Continued Observation of Prepared Specimens Name (group classification) Drawing and Total Magnification (required) Eudicot (dicot) root Pine ovulate cone Description/ Characteristics (3 or more) Xylem and phloem is limited Polygonal Small or undeveloped pith (Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.) Overlapping ovuliferous scales Bracts are hard to see Contains ovules (Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.) Table 2 Observation of Prepared Specimens Name (group classification) Drawing or Photograph Picture (optional) Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Pine cones Strobili Table 3 Observation of Different Fruit Classes Name (group classification) Drawing or Photograph Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Simple fruit (single carpel from one flower) Aggregate fruit (many separate carpels from one flower) Multiple fruit (many carpels of many flowers forming an inflorescence) Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Accessory fruit (composed largely of tissues other than the ovary) Nonvascular and Vascular Plan Architecture Questions Directions: Thoroughly answer the questions below in complete sentences. Any use of outside resources should have in-text citations and be listed at the end of the assignment in GCU style, and original wording is expected for all answers. Failure to follow these directions can be considered plagiarism or cheating that can result in point deductions and referral for Code of Conduct violations. 1. What are the five derived traits of land plants? Alternation of generations Multicellular dependent embryos Walled spores Multicellular gametogonia Apical Meristems 2. Draw a generalized life cycle illustrating the alternation of generations steps that all land plants experience. Be sure to label the haploid and diploid stages as well as the gametophyte and sporophyte stages. Indicate where mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization occur in the cycle. The more information included the easier it will be to study this information. (Free Power Point presentations, n.d.) Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W Tablek4 h t Observation of Different Fruit Classes Plant Group Dominant Generation (sporophyte or gametophyte) Source of Nutrition (Explain how the plant gets the nutrients it needs) absorb water and nutreitns through scales Ex-mosses since they grow near damp moist places Nonvascular plants (e.g., mosses) Gametophyte Seedless vascular plants (e.g., ferns) Sporophyte They absorb nutrients through any of their exposed areas, photosynthesis, Gymnosperms Sporophyte They get their nutrients through their vascular system. Water/Photosynthesis Angiosperms Sporophyte They get their nutrients from their root system, and they are then taken to all parts of the plant. 4. Explain why water is important in the reproductive life cycle of nonvascular plants. Water is important in the reproductive life cycle of nonvascular plants because water facilitates and allows the sperm to reach the egg and fertilize it. 5. As you are walking through the woods with a friend, you notice some ferns growing along the path. When you stop to examine them, you note that there are brown bumps on the underside of the leaf, which you believe to be either some kind of fungal disease or insects. Your friend says that the bumps are normal. Who is correct? Explain Your friend is correct, it is not a fungal disease or infection. It is actually sporangia. The reproductive structure of ferns, 6. Create a chart that reflects at least five differing characteristics between monocots and eudicots (dicots). Be sure to include differences in the leaves and stems. Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h Cotyledon Leaves Stem Root Floral parts t Monocots single Long and narrow Separated Vascular bundles fibrous Multiples of 3 Eudicots two Broad Ring pattern vascular bundles taproot Multiples of 4 or 5 (Ersek, 2012) 7. Explain how pinecones and strobili are different. Pinecones and strobili are different because pinecones are female and strobili are male. 8. Based on the cross-section of the apple would it be classified as a monocot or eudicot (dicot)? Why? An apple is a dicot, when observed closely it was determined that it had two cotyledons. 9. Label the structures of an idealized flower. Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Flower Dissection Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Complete the table and questions below. Table 5 Flower Dissection Step Structure 2 Receptacle 3 Sepals 4 Petals 5 Stamens 5 Filament 5 Anther 5 Pollen grains 6 Carpel 6 Stigma 6 Style 6 Ovary 6 Ovule Number Function of Structure Description (e.g., color, height) 1 Support and connect the flower Green bulbous structure at the base of the ovary 3 Protect the inside of the flower as Larger and broader, covers the outside, primarily pink it blooms with white on the bottom. 3 Attract animals that will help in the pollination process Slightly smaller and thinner, pink and white with pink dashes. 4 Reproductive organ for males 48mm, pink on top and white towards the bottom, anther is connected at the top 4 Holds the pollen sac 45.7 mm, pink on top white on the bottom. Thins but not fragile. 4 Makes pollen and contains it They are brown and are oval shaped. Very hard. About 2.3mm. N/A Male sperm Yellow, are inside the anther, miniscule 1 Female reproductive organ 56mm, contains the stigma, ovary, and style. Mainly green 1 Captures pollen Brown, about 10mm. Oval shaped, 1 Delivers pollen to ovary 40mm, primarily green 1 Has unfertilized seeds 6mm, green and round. Protects the ovules 8 Female eggs waiting to be pollinated. Very tiny, yellow, has 4 pairs of them (trees.com, 2021) Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection W k h t Flower Dissection Questions Directions: Thoroughly answer the questions below in complete sentences. Any use of outside resources should have in-text citations and be listed at the end of the assignment in GCU style, and original wording is expected for all answers. Failure to follow these directions can be considered plagiarism or cheating that can result in point deductions and referral for Code of Conduct violations. 1. Provide an image of an actual specimen (include photo credit). Credit-Andres Rodriguez 2. Do flowers produce more ovules or pollen grains? Based on the answer, speculate on why this would be so in terms of reproductive success. Flowers produce far more pollen grains than ovules. This is because since flowers are immobile, they must rely on outside factors to transport or move pollen to other flowers. Producing more pollen increases the odds of W Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection Successfully k h t fertilizing other flowers eggs. 3. List three adaptations of flower petals that are helpful in attracting pollinators. There are three main attracting factors that petals have, they are scent and color. Which was observed when dissecting our specimen. The last one is nectar, which attracts animals to feed and pollinate the flower. 4. Describe where pollination and fertilization occur beginning with production of the pollen grains and ending with the sperm nuclei reaching the egg nucleus. Be specific and detailed. Pollen is produced in the Anther, which is a part of the male reproductive organ. Then a bird, bee, wind, or other type of pollinator will land on the flower to feed. Once it is done feeding, it will leave to another flower with some of the pollen attached to it. The organism will land on another flower and deposit pollen into the stigma. The pollen will travel down the style and deliver them male egg to the female egg. 5. Specifically, where are pollen grains produced in the mail reproductive organ? Specifically, where are the egg cells made in the female reproductive organ? By which nuclear process (i.e., mitosis or meiosis) are these gametes formed? The pollen grains are produced in the anther, and the female eggs are produced in the ovary. They are both formed by meiosis. 6. How can someone tell if the pollen sacs are open? How would someone know if the stigma is mature? Be specific. Y Plant Architecture and Flower Dissection reviously stated, produced pollen. Once it is ready, the anther will split open and release the pollen. One will W k h t be able to tell by observing carefully. One will know the stigma is mature by observing and touching it. The stigma will grow in size compared to how it used to be, and if touched will be sticky. It is sticky to ensure that pollen attaches to it. 7. Seeds come from which part of the flower? Fruit is what part of the flower? The embryo comes from which part of the flower? In a flower, seeds come from the ovary. The ovary contains ovules, once these ovules are fertilized, they will turn into seeds. Fruit is the seed of the flower. The embryo comes from inside the seed. (trees.com, 2021) 8. Which was taller, the stamen or the carpel? Is this important? Why or why not? It was determined that the carpel was not only taller, but it also appeared to be thicker. This is important because that is the first part where fertilization of a flower will begin. The carpel must be taller in order to collect as much pollen as possible. If it were shorter, it would be concealed by the petals and will make it harder to capture pollen.