Cellular Energy Study Guide

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Study Guide What should you know about photosynthesis? 1. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2 2. Determine if each of the following is used or produced during photosynthesis. a. Glucose - Produced (as the end product) b. Carbon dioxide - Used (as a reactant) c. Water - Used (as a reactant) d. Light - Used (as an energy source) e. Oxygen - Produced (as a byproduct) What should you know about cellular respiration? 1. What is the purpose of cellular respiration? To produce ATP, the energy currency of cells, by breaking down glucose and other organic molecules 2. What is ATP and what does it stand for? Adenosine Triphosphate 3. What does ADP stand for? Adenosine Diphosphate 4. What happens when ATP is converted to ADP? ATP loses a phosphate group, releasing energy, and becoming ADP 5. Draw a mitochondrion. Label the cristae and the matrix. 6. What are the 3 steps of cellular respiration? - Glycolysis - Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) - Electron Transport Chain (ETC) 7. What molecule does glycolysis start with? Glucose 8. What molecules does glycolysis end with? 2 molecules of pyruvate 9. How many ATP are invested to start glycolysis? 2 ATP 10. How many ATP are made during glycolysis? 4 ATP (2 ATP are produced directly, but 4 ATP are produced in total, with 2 being invested initially) 11. What is the net profit of ATP for glycolysis? 2 ATP 12. Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? Anaerobic 13. Where does glycolysis occur? In the cytoplasm of the cell 14. What is pyruvic acid converted to? Acetyl-CoA 15. How many ATP are made during 2 turns of the Krebs Cycle? 2 ATP 16. Is Krebs Cycle aerobic or anaerobic? Aerobic 17. Where does Krebs Cycle occur? In the mitochondrial matrix 18. What is the Electron Transport Chain of Cellular Respiration? A series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane 19. What is the final electron acceptor of the ETC of Cellular Respiration? Oxygen 20. How many ATP are made during the ETC of Cellular Respiration? Approximately 32-34 ATP 21. Is the ETC of Cellular Respiration aerobic or anaerobic? Aerobic 22. Where does the ETC occur? In the inner mitochondrial membrane 23. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and produces less ATP 24. Under what circumstances does fermentation occur? When oxygen is not available (anaerobic conditions) 25. Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? Anaerobic 26. What are two types of fermentation? Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation 27. Which organism performs alcoholic fermentation? Yeast and some bacteria 28. What is produced by alcoholic fermentation? Ethanol and carbon dioxide 29. Which 2 grocery items result from alcoholic fermentation? Bread and alcoholic beverages 30. Which types of cells perform lactic acid fermentation? Muscle cells and certain bacteria 31. What is produced by lactic acid fermentation? Lactic acid 32. What is the physical result of lactic acid fermentation in humans? Muscle fatigue and soreness 33. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATP 34. Determine if each of the following is used or produced during cellular respiration. a. Glucose - Used (as a reactant) b. Carbon dioxide - Produced (as a byproduct) c. Water - Produced (as a byproduct) d. ATP - Produced (as the main product) e. Oxygen - Used (as a reactant)