Midterm Review 1 Biology Regents

Midterm Review 1 Biology Regents 1. Which process is a form of autotrophic nutrition? 1) transport 3) fermentation 2) regulation 4) photosynthesis 2. A hydra ingests a Daphnia, digests it, and later egests some materials. All of these events are most closely associated with the life process known as 1) transport 3) growth 2) synthesis 4) nutrition 3. The passage of the end products of digestion into the cells of an organism is an example of 1) absorption 3) circulation 2) digestion 4) regulation 11. What usually results when an organism fails to maintain homeostasis? 1) Growth rates within organs become equal. 2) The organism becomes ill or may die. 3) A constant sugar supply for the cells is produced. 4) The water balance in the tissues of the organism stabilizes. 12. Which term is defined as all the chemical reactions that are required to sustain life? 1) metabolism 3) regulation 2) nutrition 4) synthesis 13. A graphic organizer is represented in the diagram below. 4. Which life process is indicated by the arrows in the diagram of an amoeba shown below? 1) 2) digestion excretion 3) 4) fermentation transport 5. Which statement best describes cellular respiration? 1) It occurs in animal cells but not in plant cells. 2) It converts energy in food into a more usable form. 3) It uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen. 4) It stores energy in food molecules. 6. Respiration is best described as a process by which 1) necessary nutrients are circulated 2) hydrogen is used to synthesize glucose 3) metabolic wastes are absorbed 4) chemical energy is converted into a usable form 7. The process that removes metabolic waste products from an organism is known as 1) egestion 3) excretion 2) secretion 4) oxidation The letter X most likely represents the term 1) regulation 3) growth 2) excretion 4) transpiration 14. The scientific name for the fruit fly is Drosophila melanogaster. The word Drosophila refers to the classification group known as 1) kingdom 3) genus 2) phylum 4) species 15. Within which group would all members show the greatest similarity? 1) kingdom 3) genus 2) phylum 4) species 16. The chart below shows the classification of three organisms. Certain categories are not shown. 8. In plants, glucose is converted to cellulose, and in human muscle cells, glucose is converted to glycogen. These processes are examples of which life activity? 1) regulation 3) synthesis 2) respiration 4) excretion 9. Which statement best illustrates the life process of growth? 1) A dog consumes a bowl of food. 2) An ameba moves away from bright light. 3) A bean seed germinates. 4) Two monosaccharides are formed from a disaccharide. 10. In a changing external environment, an organism must be able to maintain relatively constant internal conditions. This maintenance of a stable internal environment is known as 1) transport 3) homeostasis 2) metabolism 4) nutrition Which two organisms are most closely related? 1) A and B 2) B and C 3) C and A 4) Not enough information is given to answer the question. 17. Which sequence illustrates the increasing complexity of levels of organization in multicellular organisms? 1) organelle - cell - tissue - organ - organ system organism 2) cell - organelle - tissue - organ - organ system organism 3) organelle - tissue - cell - organ - organ system organism 4) cell - organism - organ system - organ - tissue organelle 18. The cell theory states that 1) all cells have nuclei that contain genetic information 2) living organisms are composed of cells that arise from preexisting cells 3) all cells regenerate and contain the same basic structures 4) organisms that lack certain organelles reproduce by binary fission 19. Which organelle is correctly paired with its specific function? 1) cell membrane—storage of hereditary information 2) chloroplast—transport of materials 3) ribosome—synthesis of proteins 4) vacuole—production of ATP 20. Which structures in the diagram below enable the observer to identify it as a plant cell? 1) 2) A and B B and C 3) 4) A and C B and D 21. What would most likely happen if the ribosomes in a cell were not functioning? 1) The cell would undergo uncontrolled mitotic cell division. 2) The synthesis of enzymes would stop. 3) The cell would produce antibodies. 4) The rate of transport of glucose in the cytoplasm would increase. 22. An enzyme that works best in an acidic environment would function best at a pH of 1) 11 3) 3 2) 9 4) 7 23. The shape of a protein is most directly determined by the 1) amount of energy available for synthesis of the protein 2) kind and sequence of amino acids in the protein 3) type and number of DNA molecules in a cell 4) mistakes made when the DNA is copied Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the diagram below, which represents a chemical reaction that occurs in the human body, and on your knowledge of biology. 24. Which statement describes a characteristic of molecule Z? 1) Molecule Z will function at any temperature above 20°C. 2) Molecule Z is composed of a string of molecular bases represented by A, T, G, and 3) Molecule Z will function best at a specific pH. 4) Molecule Z is not specific, so this reaction can be controlled by any other chemical in the body. 25. Substances X and Y are examples of which kind of molecule? 1) simple sugar 2) amino acid 3) fat 4) hormone Answer Key [New Exam] 1. 4 2. 4 3. 1 4. 4 5. 2 6. 4 7. 3 8. 3 9. 3 10. 3 11. 2 12. 1 13. 1 14. 3 15. 4 16. 2 17. 1 18. 2 19. 3 20. 2 21. 2 22. 3 23. 2 24. 3 25. 1