Learning Goals and Concepts of Biology

Key Concepts Read each question below, and circle the best answer. 4. What process does a multicellular organism use to replace its damaged body cells? A. mitosis B. meiosis C. replication D. transcription 5. How does a sex cell differ from a body cell? A. A sex cell does not contain chromosomes. B. A sex cell contains homologous chromosomes. C. A sex cell has the same number of chromosomes as a body cell. D. A sex cell has half the amount of genetic material as a body cell. 6. How do the chromosomes at the end of meiosis I compare with the chromosomes at the end of meiosis II? A. Chromosomes have one chromatid at the end of both meiosis I and meiosis II. B. Chromosomes have two chromatids at the end of both meiosis I and meiosis II. C. Chromosomes have one chromatid at the end of meiosis I and two chromatids at the end of meiosis II. D. Chromosomes have two chromatids at the end of meiosis I and one chromatid at the end of meiosis II. 7. Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction? A.It is a slow process. B. Two parents are needed. C. The organism can increase in number quickly. D. It introduces genetic diversity in the offspring. 8. Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of cell division in unicellular organisms? A. Cell division allows the organism to grow. B. Cell division allows the organism to reproduce. C. Cell division allows the organism to produce sex cells. D. Cell division allows the organism to repair damage to the cell. 9. Which statement about zygotes, which form by fertilization, is correct? A. Zygotes have a full set of chromosomes, receiving half from each parent. B. Zygote have half the set of chromosomes from one parent only. C. Zygotes have two full sets of chromosomes, one set from each parent. D. Zygotes have half the set of chromosomes, one-fourth from each parent. 10. The diagram shows a cell during the anaphase stage of mitosis. Justin’s teacher showed him this slide of a stage of mitosis. He noticed the slide contains two homologous pairs of chromosomes. How would this diagram be different if it showed anaphase I of meiosis instead of anaphase of mitosis? A. Each chromosome would still have two chromatids. B. The chromosomes would look the same as in mitosis. C. You would be able to see DNA in the chromosomes during meiosis. D. Homologous chromosomes would be moving to the same end of the cell. 11. The figure below shows one of the stages of the cell cycle. Which answer correctly identifies the stage shown in the diagram above? A. mitosis B. anaphase C. interphase D. cytokinesis 12. Which of these statements is true of sexual and asexual reproduction? A. Both types of reproduction require two parents. B. Both types of reproduction result in offspring that are identical to one parent. C. Both types of reproduction enable genetic information to be passed from parent to offspring. D. All organisms can reproduce sexually or asexually, depending on environmental conditions. 13. How does a multicellular organism grow larger? A. Multicellular organisms do not grow larger. B. Individual cells in the organism grow larger. C. The organism gains new cells from other organisms. D. Cells in the organism divide, increasing the total number of cells. 14. Which of these phases of mitosis takes place first? A. anaphase B. telophase C. prophase D. metaphase 15. Which of these statements best describes what happens during vegetative reproduction? A. A single-celled organism divides into two new organisms. B. A parent plant produces spores, which grow into new plants. C. A new plant develops from a stem or root of its parent plant. D. Pollen from one plant fertilizes another plant and produces offspring. 16. The diagram below shows a body cell with 4 homologous pairs of chromosomes. During sexual reproduction, how many chromosomes will this organism transmit to its offspring? A. 8, all of the chromosomes shown B. 2, one pair of homologous chromosomes C. 4, two pairs of homologous chromosomes D. 4, one chromosome from each homologous pair