Homeostasis and the Human Body

Homeostasis and the Human Body • Each body system contributes to the homeostasis of other systems and of the entire organism. No system of the body works in isolation and the well-being of the person depends upon the well-being of all the interacting body systems. A disruption within one system generally has consequences for several additional body systems. Most of these organ systems are controlled by hormones secreted from the pituitary gland, a part of the endocrine system. • Here are some examples of homeostasis in our bodies: o The regulation of the amounts of water and minerals in the body (mostly by our kidneys). This is known as osmoregulation. o The removal of metabolic waste (called excretion). This is done by the excretory organs such as the kidneys and lungs. o The regulation of body temperature. This is mainly done by the skin. o The regulation of blood glucose level. This is mainly done by the liver and the insulin and glucagon secreted by the pancreas in the body. 1) Please log into the HMH app via Clever in order to do the Textbook Assignment Unit 7: Lesson 3 – Mechanisms of Homeostasis • Explore/Explain 2: Homeostasis and the Human Body o Please take notes → these should help you answer questions correctly on the Week 4 Homeostasis and the Human Body Quiz o Answer the ANALYZE, EXPLAIN, INFER questions ONLY o Skip the Language Arts Connection, Hands on Lab, and Evidence Notebook 2) Please read the article “The Effect of Exercise on Homeostasis” • Please take notes while reading article; these should help you answer questions correctly on the Week 4 Homeostasis and the Human Body Quiz 3) Take the Living Earth Week 4 Reading Quiz • Use your notes from the textbook assignment and article to help you 4) Conduct your own experiment “Investigating Homeostasis and Exercise” The Effect of Exercise on Homeostasis By Chris Sherwood Updated September 9, 2019 Whether you're awake or asleep, your body is constantly maintaining a state of balance known as homeostasis. When you exercise, you create a wide range of ef f ects on the systems of your body. Exercise increases the use of energy by your muscles, which activates a series of reactions to create new energy to keep exercising and maintain homeostasis. Each system strives to help create enough energy to continue exercising, as well as help the body recover af ter exercise. This state of energy creation and use has multiple ef f ects on your body's homeostasis including increased heart rate, breathing and sweat rate. Increased Oxygen Consumption Exercise increases the use of energy by your muscles, which activates a series of reactions to create new energy to keep exercising and maintain homeostasis. The f irst reaction that occurs is an increase in your homeostasis breathing rate during exercise. Energy creation requires signif icant oxygen. The only way to provide the necessary oxygen is to increase the speed at which your respiratory system is introducing it into your bloodstream. The harder you exercise, the more energy is used, resulting in your body increasing your breathing rate even more to maintain adequate energy levels f or balance, according to the European Lung Foundation. Increased Oxygen Delivery Once oxygen is deposited into the bloodstream by the lungs, the body must also increase your homeostasis heart rate during exercise to deliver oxygen to the cells to once again maintain homeostasis. The increase in heart rate boosts the speed at which your arteries and capillaries can deliver oxygen to needy cells. It also increases how f ast these blood vessels can deliver the broken-down components of recent f oods you have consumed. Both products are necessary f or energy creation to occur through aerobic respiration. Increased Body Temperature Af ter energy is created, exercise continues to af f ect homeostasis by increasing your body temperature during exercise according to John Hopkins Medicine. Energy creation produces three main products — water, carbon dioxide and heat. Typically, the heat created f rom aerobic respiration is used to maintain a balanced body temperature of about 98.6 degrees. However, the increased rate of energy production during exercise of ten creates more heat than is necessary. This means your body has to somehow release this heat to prevent your temperature f rom becoming dangerously high. To maintain homeostasis, your body activates the sweating process, which helps remove the heat f rom your body and release it into the surrounding environment. Increased Release of Carbon Dioxide Along with increasing the amount of oxygen available in the bloodstream, your body must also get rid of carbon dioxide f rom your blood at a similar rate. When your cells make energy, they produce carbon dioxide as a waste product according to Mayo Clinic. This carbon dioxide is transported back into the bloodstream, where it f lows through the veins back to your lungs. Your lungs then exhale the carbon dioxide out of the body. To maintain balance, your breathing rate must continue to stay at an elevated level so your lungs can expel the excess carbon dioxide being produced by the muscle cells during exercise. Once you stop exercising and the cells return to normal energy needs, less carbon dioxide is created, allowing your breathing rate to return to normal. Reading Quiz → Please circle the correct response/answer to each question: 1. Which two body systems work together to control blood pressure? a. circulatory and respiratory b. circulatory and excretory 2. Maintaining carbon dioxide levels is the job of which two body systems? a. respiratory and digestive b. respiratory and nervous 3. As you become more active, ________________ levels increase and blood becomes more acidic. a. oxygen b. glucose 4. What process allows gas homeostasis to occur across the smallest blood vessels (called capillaries)? a. Active transport c. inhalation b. Phagocytosis d. dif f usion 5. Exercise creates three main products within the body which must be managed to keep the body in a state of homeostasis. These products are a. oxygen, sugar, and water. c. carbon dioxide, sugar, and water. b. carbon dioxide, water, and heat. d. oxygen, water, and heat.