University:
High School
Course:
High School Biology
Academic year:

2019
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455

Pages:

3
Author:

larbiwxcvbn

Biology Unit #7 – Evolution Name:___________________ Per. ____ ESSENTIAL SKILLS 7-1. 7-2. 7-3. 7-4. Explain how overproduction of offspring, competition and individual variation lead to natural selection. List and describe five evidences for evolution. Use evidence to describe how the five mechanisms of evolution lead to the evolution of a population. Describe and provide an example of how a change in environmental conditions may lead to the formation of new species (speciation) or the extinction of existing species. STUDY GUIDE 1. Explain how each of the following relate to Natural Selection: Genetic Diversity – Overproduction of offspring – Competition – Reproduction – 2. What is meant by Fitness in Biology? List at least 4 different environmental factors that affect a species “fitness” or survival. 3. Why is “survival of the fittest” an incomplete description of natural selection? 4. Why is it that an individual can not evolve; only populations can evolve? 5. Explain how each of the following are used to support evolutionary relationships among species: Fossils – Biogeography – Molecular Comparisons – Anatomical Comparisons – Embryological Development – 6. Why is it important for scientists to use more than one source of evidence to support evolutionary relationships? Give an example of many sources leading to the same conclusions about evolution. 7. How are fossils formed? Why are there so many species that cannot be found in the fossil record? What information about the fitness of specific traits can an extinction event tell us? (think environment) 8. How do scientists know the age of a fossil? Explain how the processes of relative dating and absolute/radioactive dating differ. 9. Explain and give examples of each of the following anatomical comparisons: · Homologous Structures · Vestigial Structures · Analogous Structures 10. Compare and contrast Co-evolution, Convergent evolution, and Divergent evolution. Give specific examples of organisms that represent these patterns. 11. How do vestigial structures and homologous structures show divergent evolution? How do analogous structures show convergent evolution? 12. Explain the difference between gradualism vs. punctuated equilibrium. 13. Explain how each of the following can lead to the evolution of a population. a. Mutation – b. Migration – c. Genetic Drift – d. Nonrandom Mating – e. Natural Selection – 14. What are Hardy-Weinberg’s assumptions for no evolutionary change? Explain what HardyWeinberg is actually looking at. (What does the equation show us?) 15. How does the study of population genetics define evolution? What is the biological definition of a species? What is a population? 16. What is evolution? What is the difference between micro-evolution and macro-evolution? 17. What is speciation? What are the 4 events that must occur for speciation to occur? Explain why each is so important. 18. What is the difference between Reproductive Isolation and Geographic Isolation? Give examples. 19. Natural selection results in a variety of changes in a population. Explain the difference in the populations that occur among stabilizing selection, directional selection and disruptive selection. 20. Why is evolution beneficial for a species? Why is evolution beneficial for all life on Earth? Why is it beneficial for all humans to understand the Theory of Evolution?