University:
High School
Course:
High School Biology
Academic year:

2019
Views:

283

Pages:

14
Author:

larbiwxcvbn

Feedback Mechanisms & Nerve Types Homeostasis • All organisms must maintain relatively stable internal conditions • The internal environment of all organisms fluctuates slightly – Must keep within a specific range Feedback Mechanisms • A form of regulation – The body detects a change in internal environment & responds to the change • 2 Types of Feedback Mechanisms: – Negative feedback – Positive feedback Negative Feedback • *Most common mechanism for homeostasis – The results of the process stop the process from continuing (selflimiting) – Maintains conditions within a certain range • Nonliving example = thermostat Example: Thermoregulation • When the body gets too warm: – – – – Blood vessels dilate Sweat is produced Cools body Dilation & sweating stops Example: Regulating Blood Sugar (glucose) • When blood sugar is high: – Insulin is released into blood – Causes cells to absorb glucose & liver to store excess glucose – Blood sugar level falls – Insulin levels drop – Which causes liver to release glucose – Which causes insulin to be released into blood, etc etc. Positive Feedback • Less common in animals is positive feedback – The results of this process intensify the process/conditions – Ex: Birth Positive Vs. Negative Feedback Negative Feedback : • Maintains conditions within certain limits • Self-limiting • Most common mechanism for maintaining homeostasis Positive Feedback: • Intensifies conditions • Self-perpetuating • Less common process in organisms How does our body know? • All of these feedback mechanisms must be connected. • What are the signals that our cells receive to complete these feedback mechanisms • The system that controls these processes is the nervous system Nervous System Function: Sends, receives and process information throughout the body and from the environment. Parts: Brain, spinal cord and nerves. Nerve Cell = Neuron • Parts of the Neuron – Dendrite = Receives information and passes it to the cell body – Cell Body = Location of nucleus and organelles – Axon = Single portion that carries information away from cell body • Think of your hand and forearm as what a neuron might look like 3 Types of Neurons • Sensory Neuron – receives information. • Interneuron – processes information. – Brain and spinal cord • Motor Neuron – cause action in muscles or glands. – Make things “move” Types Types of Sensory Neurons Description Location Senses involved Mechanoreceptors responds to movement & pressure Thermoreceptors responds to heat loss/gain Skin Touch Pain Receptors responds to tissue damage Skin Touch Chemoreceptors respond to chemicals Nose, mouth Taste, Smell Photoreceptors Respond to light Skin Eyes Touch, hearing Sight Essential Questions 1. Describe the difference between positive and negative feedback mechanisms. 2. Give an example of a negative feedback mechanism that helps to maintain homeostasis in the human body. 3. How does a neuron’s structure allow it to receive and send messages? 4. How do the different types of receptors help you sense your environment? 5. How do the three different types of neurons work together to help you process environmental information?