University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

300

Pages:

5
Author:

Sheha A.

**Estimation of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)** AST effects the conversion of α-ketoglutarate and aspartate to α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate, respectively, by amino group transfer. The oxaloacetate thus formed is coupled with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine to produce a colored complex. Absorbance in alkaline solution is measured at 505nm. **Estimation of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)** ALT or SGPT effects the conversion of α-ketoglutarate and alanine to α-ketoglutarate and pyruvate, respectively, by amino group transfer. Pyruvate formed is coupled with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine to produce a colored complex. **Estimation of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)** ALP is mainly derived from bone and liver. **Normal level of serum ALP in males and females is 20-90 IU/L. In children, it is up to 350 IU/L.** * A rise in serum ALP usually associated with elevated bilirubin is an indicator of biliary obstruction (obstructive jaundice). * ALP is also elevated in cirrhosis of liver and hepatic tumor. A liver is not the sole source of ALP. Its measurement has to be carefully viewed before arriving at any conclusion. The liver and bone isoenzymes of ALP can be separated by electrophoresis. Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGT) * The microsomal enzyme is widely distributed in the body, including the liver. * Measurement of GGT activity provides a sensitive index to assess liver abnormality. * The activity of this enzyme almost parallels that of transaminase in hepatic damage. * Normal GGT level is 5-40 IU/L. * Serum GGT is highly elevated in biliary obstruction and alcoholism.