University:
Liberty University
Course:
BIOM 500 | Introduction to Biomedical Sciences
Academic year:

2024
Views:

272

Pages:

5
Author:

Sheha A.

Metabolism of Carbohydrates The product of carbohydrate digestion is mainly glucose, and some disaccharides. Absorption: Monosaccharides are absorbed by facilitated diffusion and active transport processes. Monosaccharides are absorbed to the intestinal cells to be converted to glucose. Metabolism Cellular Respiration: Facilitated Diffusion Glucose is facilitated by glucose transporters It is a carrier-mediated transport process. Glucose carriers are embedded in the cell membrane. Some carriers are insulin-dependent (GLUT-4) and some are independent (GLUT-2). 2. Active Transport * It is also called as carrier-mediated transport. * It requires energy (ATP). * It transports substances against the concentration gradient. * Example: Protein pumps, sodium-potassium pump. Transport of monosaccharides across the intestinal cells to the capillaries. Transport of glucose and amino acids from the intestinal cells to the capillaries. Transport of glucose across the cell membrane to the cells. Facilitated diffusion: glucose dependent and insulin-independent glucose transporters. All fibers of the body require energy. Glucose is the primary source of energy. Glucose enters the cells by facilitated diffusion and active transport. Oligo- and disaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, and fructose). Disaccharides (lactose, sucrose, and maltose) are broken down into monosaccharides in the small intestine. Glucose, galactose, and fructose are absorbed to the intestinal cells to be converted to glucose. Glucose enters the cells by facilitated diffusion and active transport. Insulin-dependent glucose transporters and insulin-independent glucose transporters. Glucose enters the cells. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells. In muscle and adipose tissues, glucose is converted to glycogen. Insulin-independent glucose transporters are present in brain cells. This mechanism allows glucose to enter the cells even in the absence of insulin.