Rest Concept

Rest Concept Sleep is a physiological process that cycles and alternates with longer periods of wakefulness. The sleep-wake cycle influences and regulates physiological functions and behavioral responses. Sleep stages are: 1. NREM sleep: slow wave sleep due to the brain waves of the sleeping person slower than the alpha and beta waves of people who are awake or awake. Most sleep at night is NREM sleep. NREM sleep is sleep which is deep and calm and reduces some physiological functions. NREM sleep is divided into 4 stages: Stage 1 is the very light sleep stage. During this stage, there are indications of feeling sleepy and relax, the eyeballs move from one side to the other and the heart rate also Respiratory frequency decreases slightly. Sleepers can be awakened quickly and this stage only lasts for a few minutes. Stage II is the light sleep stage and during this stage the body's processes are continuous decrease. The eyes generally keep moving from one side to the other, the heart rate and respiratory frequency decreases slightly and body temperature decreases. Phase II only lasts about 10-15 minutes but constitutes 40-45% of total sleep. Stage III is the stage where the heart rate and respiratory frequency and processes other bodies continue to decline. Sleeping people find it more difficult to wake up. Individuals do not disturbed by a sensory stimulus, skeletal muscles become very relaxed, reflexive disappears and snoring may occur Stage IV marks deep sleep called delta sleep. Heart rate and frequency A sleeping person's breathing decreases by 20% -30% compared to heart rate and respiratory frequency during waking hours. Very relaxed sleepers, rare moves and is difficult to wake up. Stage IV can restore the body physically, eyesusually spins and dreams occur. 2. REM sleep - Returning sleep occurs around 90 minutes and lasts 5-30 minutes. - REM sleep is not as restful as NREM sleep and dreams most often occur during sleep BRAKE. These dreams are usually remembered, that is, they are committed to memory - During REM sleep, the brain is very active and brain metabolism can increase by 20%. - Also called paradoxical sleep because this sleep can occur simultaneously with The type of brain activity means that individuals who are sleeping can find it difficult to wake up or can wakes up spontaneously, muscle tone is suppressed , increased gastric secretion and pulsation Irregular heart and respiratory frequency. Sleep Cycle - During the sleep cycle, individuals go through NREM and REM sleep (complete cycle). lasts 1.5 hours in adults. - In the first cycle, the individual sleeps through stages 1,2 and 3 within 20-30 minute. Then stage 1V for 30 minutes. After that, return to stages III and II during 20 minutes. Then, the first REM stage occurs for about 10 minutes. This stage called the first sleep cycle and then returns to the beginning. - Individuals usually experience 4-6 sleep cycles lasting 7-8 hours and individuals who awakened at any stage must begin a new Stage I of NREM sleep and continues throughout the REM sleep stages -Iftheindividualsleepsverytired , REMcyclesareoftenbrief for example 5 minutes instead of 20 minutes. - Before sleep ends, there is a period of near awakening and is dominated by stage I and II NREM and REM sleep. Physiological changes during NREM sleep 1. Arterial blood pressure decreases 2. Decreased pulse rate 3. Peripheral blood vessels are dilated 4. Cardiac output decreases 5. Skeletal muscles relax 6. Basal metabolic rate decreases 10-30% 7. Growth hormone levels reach peak 8. Decreased intracranial pressure Sleep Function 1. Provides a physiological influence on the nervous system and other body structures 2. Restore normal activity levels 3. Protein synthesis in the repair process Normal Sleep Patterns and Needs 1. Newborn babies: sleep for 16-18 hours a day and are divided into 7 sleep periods. NREM sleep is characterized by regular breathing , the eyes are closed and the body-eyes are not move. REM sleep is characterized by closed eyelids, body movements and irregular breathing. Most of the sleep time is spent in stage III and IV of NREM sleep. Almost 50% of sleep is REM sleep. 2. Babies: sleep for 22 hours per day. The baby wakes up every 3-4 hours, eats and go back to sleep. By the 4th month, babies sleep through the night and establish a pattern varied naps. At the age of 5-9 months, babies wake up in the middle of the night and sleep in the morning. 3. Toddlers (toddler): need for sleep decreases to 10-12 hours a day. About 20-30% sleep in the form of REM sleep. Most toddlers still need naps however the need for sleep in mid-morning gradually decreases. Toddler gives big resistance if he doesn't want to sleep. The toddler woke up in at night usually because of nightmares or fear of the dark. 4. Pre-school: requires 11-12 hours of sleep per night especially if the child is attending school. Sleep needs fluctuate in relation to activity and surges growth. Many children at this age do not like bedtime and are reluctant to sleep by asking to read another story, play a game or watch TV. Children aged 4-5 years can become restless and irritable if their sleep needs are not met. Pre-school children wake up more often at night. REM sleep remains at 20-30% longer than adults. 5. School-aged children: School-aged children sleep 8-12 hours per night without naps. Children aged 8 years need a minimum of 10 hours of sleep every night. When the child is 11 or 12 years, less sleep is needed and bedtime can be up to hours late 10 p.m. REM sleep reduced by 20%. 6. Teenagers: teenagers need 8-10 hours and only 20% REM sleep. Teenagers start experience noctural emissions, namely orgasm and semen emissions during sleep/dreams wet. Adolescent boys need to be given information about emissions developments This is nocturnal to prevent embarrassment and fear. 7. Young Adults: Young adults only need 7-8 hours of sleep every night 8. Middle-aged adults: need 6-8 hours of sleep every night and about 20% sleep BRAKE. The number of awakenings from sleep increases. 9. Elderly: elderly people sleep 6 hours every night. About 20-25% of sleep is REM sleep. Many seniors wake up more frequently at night and often they it takes a long time to get back to sleep. Seniors experience sundowner is a syndrome that refers to a state of confusion that appears in the evening and experience changes in the sleep-wake cycle, decreased stimulation sensory in the evening and mental conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (a frequent illness forgetfulness and frequent hand tremors). Factors affecting sleep 1. Pain: pain causes sleep or physical disturbances that can cause problems Sleep. Sick people need more sleep than they need normal. Pain with shortness of breath causes difficulty sleeping due to obstruction nose. Gastric ulcers cause insomnia due to increased secretions stomach and stomach pain. Urinary disorders cause difficulty sleep because people often wake up at night to urinate. 2. Environment: the environment can speed up or slow down sleep. noise, Environmental temperature, lack of ventilation, light levels can cause insomnia. 3. Tired: tired individuals experience restful sleep and this affects sleep patterns somebody. The more tired a person is, the shorter the REM sleep period. 4. Lifestyle: Someone whose working hours shift and often changes hours it works to affect sleep. 5. Emotional stress: anxiety (fear/anxiety), depression, thoughts filled with problems can disturb sleep. 6. Stimulants and alcohol: drinks containing caffeine work as stimulants central nervous system thereby affecting sleep. individuals who are unable to sleep and become irritable. 7. Diet: decreasing weight (thin) can reduce sleep time. While increasing sleep (fat) is associated with increased sleep time and more waking hours slow. L- Tryptophan in foods (cheese and milk) can induce and help someone to sleep. 8. Smoking: Nicotine has a stimulant effect on the body which makes a person more difficult sleep, wake up easily and can usually fall asleep at dawn. 9. Motivation: someone who experiences boredom and is not motivated to stay Being awake causes sleep to occur quickly. What's more, someone who is motivated to stay awake (for example because of watching a concert) causes the eyes not to feel sleepy 10. Medications: some medications affect sleep. Beta blocker drugs causes insomnia and nightmares. Hypnotics affect stages III and IV NREM sleep. Narcotics such as meperidine hydrochloride and morphine suppress sleep REM, frequent awakening and cause drowsiness. Sedative affect sleep.