Process of Hallucinations

Process of Hallucinations The process of hallucinations is explained using the Stuard-Laraia stress adaptation concept 1. Predisposing Factors Predisposing factors for hallucinations consist of a. Biological Factors There is a history of family members experiencing mental disorders(hereditary),or illness or head trauma, and a history of use of narcotics, psychotropics and other addictive substances (NAPZA) b. Psychological Factors Has a history of repeated failures. Becoming a victim, perpetrator or witness of violent behavior and lack of love from people who matter to the patient as well as overprotective parental behavior. c. Socio-Cultural and Environmental Most hallucinatory patients come from families with low socioeconomic status, apart from that the patient has a history of rejection from the environment or from other people, which means that at the child's developmental age, hallucinatory patients often have a low level of education and have experienced failure in social relationships (divorce, living alone) and doesn't work. 2. Precipitation Factor There is a history of infectious disease, chronic disease or brain structure abnormalities, a history of violence in the family or failures in life, poverty, the existence of rules or demands in the family or society which often do not suit the patient and conflicts between communities. 3. Neurobiological Response Range Stuard and Laraia explain the neurobiological response in patients with hallucinatory sensory perception disorders 4. Hallucination Stage; The hallucinations experienced by patients have the following stages a. Stage I:Hallucinations are calming, the patient's ascent level is moderate. At this stage the hallucinations are generally pleasant. Characteristics:The characteristics of this stage are characterized by feelings of guilt in the patient and a feeling of fear arises. At this stage the patient tries to calm the mind to reduce asiety. Idivudu knows that the thoughts and sensory experiences he experiences can be controlled and can be overcome (nonpsychotic). Observed behavior: -Smirking/laughing inappropriately Moving -his lips without making a sound -Slow verbal response -Silent and filled with something exciting. b. Stage II:Hallucinations are disturbing, the patient experiences severe asceticism and the hallucinations are disgusting for the patient. Characteristics:the patient's sensory experience is disgusting and frightening, the patient tries to distance himself from the perceived source, the patient feels embarrassed because of his sensory experience and withdraws from other people(non-psychotic) Observed behavior: - Increased work of the atomic nervous system which shows the emergence of anxiety such as increased pulse, BP and respiration - Concentrating ability is narrowed - Overloaded with sensory experiences, one may lose the ability to differentiate between hallucinations and reality. c. Stage III:At this stage the hallucinations begin to control the patient's behavior, the patient is at a level of severe anxiety. The sensory experience becomes overwhelming for the patient. Characteristics:Patients who hallucinate at this stage refuse to fight the hallucinatory experience and let the hallucinations take over. The content of the hallucination may be a wish, the individual may experience loneliness if the experience ends. (psychotic) Observed behavior: - More likely to follow instructions given by people by their hallucinations than to refuse. - Difficulty relating to other people - Attention span is only a few minutes or seconds, physical symptoms of severe anxiety such as: sweating, tremors, inability to follow directions. d. Stage IV:The hallucinations at this point are very overwhelming and the anxiety level is at panic level. In general, hallucinations become more complicated and interrelated with delusions. Characteristics:The sensory experience is frightening if the individual does not follow the instructions of the hallucination. Hallucinations can last for several hours or days if not intervened (psychotic) Observed behavior: - Attacking behavior – panic-like terror. - There is a high potential for committing suicide or killing other people. - Tantrums, agitation and withdrawal. - Unable to respond to complex instructions. Not - able to respond to more than one person.