Basic Concepts of Mental Nursing

Basic Concepts of Mental Nursing To be a productive individual and able to interact with the environment around us, we must have a healthy soul. Individuals are said to be mentally healthy if they are in a physical, mental and social condition that is limited from disorders (disease), not in a depressed condition so that they can control the stress that arises. This condition will enable individuals to live productive lives and be able to have satisfying social relationships. In carrying out its role and function, a nurse in providing nursing care must view humans as biopsychosociospiritual creatures so that the selection of nursing models in implementing nursing care is in accordance with the mental nursing paradigm. Humans as biopsychosociospiritual creatures imply that humans are complete creatures in which there are biological, psychological, social and spiritual elements. As biological creatures, humans are composed of millions of living cells which will form one tissue, then the tissue will unite and form organs and organ systems. As psychological creatures, every human being has a unique personality and has a personality structure consisting of id, ego and super ego, equipped with thinking power and intelligence, in order to become a person who is always developing. Every human being also has psychological needs such as avoiding psychological tension, the need for intimacy and love, altruistic satisfaction (the satisfaction of helping others without compensation), honor and ego satisfaction. Meanwhile, as social creatures, humans cannot live alone, humans always want to live with other people and need other people. Apart from that, humans must also collaborate with other humans to fulfill the needs and demands of life. Humans are also required to be able to behave in accordance with the expectations of norms that apply in their social environment. As spiritual beings, humans have faith in and acknowledge the existence of the Almighty God, have a view of life, a life impulse that is in line with the religious nature they adhere to. 1. Definition of Mental Health WHO:a condition of complete physical, social and mental well-being and not just freedom from disease or disability. Or it can be said that an individual is said to be mentally healthy if he is in a physical, mental and social condition that is free from disorders (disease) or is not under pressure so that he can control the stress that arises. This allows individuals to live productive lives and be able to have satisfying social relationships. Mental Health Law 18 of 2014:is a condition where an individual can develop physically, mentally, spiritually and socially so that the individual realizes his own abilities, can overcome pressure, can work productively and is able to contribute to his community. 2. Characteristics of Mental Health The following will explain the characteristics of mental health according to several experts, including: a. Yahoda Yahoda characterizes mental health as follows: 1) Having a positive attitude towards oneself 2) Grow, develop and actualize 3) Realizing the integration and relationship between past and present. 4) Have autonomy in decision making and do not depend on anyone 5) Have perceptions in accordance with reality 6) Able to master the environment and adapt b. WHO (World Health Organization) In 1959 at a meeting in Geneva, WHO had the following daily criteria: 1) Individuals are able to resolve themselves constructively in reality, even though the reality is bad for them. 2) Obtain satisfaction from the results of their efforts. 3) Feel more satisfied giving than receiving. 4) Relatively free from feelings of tension (stress), anxiety and depression. 5) Able to relate to other people in a mutually helpful and mutually satisfying manner. 6) Able to accept disappointment as a lesson to come 7) Have a sense of compassion. c. MASLOW: Maslow said that mentally healthy individuals have the following characteristics: 1) Accurate perception of reality. 2) Accept yourself, other people and the environment. 3) Spontaneous. 4) Simple and natural. You have to conclude based on some of the understandings above. 3. Mental Nursing Paradigm Of course you ask why we have to study the nursing paradigm? By studying the nursing paradigm it will help a person or the wider community know and know nursing and help understand every phenomenon. Based on the understanding above, experts conclude that the purpose of the nursing paradigm is to regulate the relationship between various nursing theories and conceptual models in order to develop conceptual models and theories as a nursing framework. You should learn the general nursing paradigm. Phenomenon is client behavior in the face of uncertainty a condition experienced due to discomfort resulting from the illness he is experiencing. Nursing philosophy is a form of professional service which is an integral part of health services based on nursing knowledge and tips. In carrying out their roles and functions, a nurse must have confidence in the values of nursing which serve as guidelines in providing nursing care. The beliefs that a nurse must have are: a. That humans are holistic creatures consisting of bio-psycho-social and spiritual components. b. The aim of providing nursing care is to optimally improve the level of human health c. The nursing actions provided are collaborative actions between the health team, client and family. d. The nursing action provided is a problem solving method using a nursing process approach 1) Nurses are responsible and accountable 2) Nursing education must be carried out continuously 4. Philosophy of Mental Nursing Nursing philosophy is a basic view of human nature and the essence of nursing which forms the basic framework for nursing practice. Nursing philosophy aims to direct the nursing that is carried out. Nursing contains humans as holistic creatures, so that the approach to providing nursing care is carried out through a humanistic approach, and the meaning of nurses is to really appreciate and respect human dignity, pay attention to clients and uphold justice for fellow humans. Nursing is universal in the sense that in providing nursing care, nurses do not differentiate between race, gender, age, skin color, ethics, religion, political beliefs, and socio-economic status.