Definition of Childbirth

Definition of childbirth Labor is the process of opening and thinning of the cervix and the fetus descending into the birth canal.1Birth is the process where the fetus and amniotic fluid are pushed out through the birth canal.1Another definition of normal childbirth (spontaneous parturition) is the process of birth of a baby at the back of the head that can survive with the mother's own energy and urine, without tools and without injuring the mother and baby, which generally lasts less than 24 hours through the birth canal. Early Signs of Labor 1)Lightening/Setting/Droppingnamely the head descends into the PAP, especially in primigravidas. 2) The stomach looks wider, the uterine fundus drops. 3) Feelings of frequent or difficult urination due to pressure from the lower part of the fetus. 4) Feeling of pain in the stomach and waist due to weak contractions of the uterus, sometimessometimes called "Labor Phase Pain" 5) The cervix becomes soft, starts to flatten and the secretions increase and can be mixed with blood (bloody show) c. Signs and Symptoms of Inpartu 1) The pain caused by his presence is stronger, more frequent and regular. 2) More mucus and blood mixed with it, small tears in the cervix. 3) Sometimes my water breaks. 4) On internal examination, the cervix is flat and completely dilated. d. Essential Factors of Childbirth Childbirth is determined by 5 factors, namely: 1)Power His (rhythmic contractions of uterine smooth muscle), the mother's pushing strength, the mother's metabolic respiratory cardiovascular state. 2) Passage Condition of the birth canal. 3) Passanger Fetal condition (location, presentation, size/weight of fetus, presence/absence of major anatomical abnormalities) 4) Psychology 5) Position Balance/compatibility between factorsthe "P" factor, It is hoped that normal delivery can take place. e. Types of childbirth 1) According to the mode of delivery - Spontaneous labor The process of giving birth to a baby with the mother's own power without help or tools, and without injuring the mother and baby, lasts less than 24 hours. - Artificial childbirth Vaginal delivery with the help of tools or through the abdominal wall with a caesarean section. - Delivery advice The forces needed for labor are generated from outside by means of stimulation such as administration of pitocin or prostaglandins or rupture of the membranes. 2) According to age (gestational age)1 - Abortion Expulsion of pregnancy fruit before 22 weeks of gestation or a baby weighing less than 500 g. - Immature parturition Expulsion of pregnancy fruit between 22 weeks and 28 weeks or a baby weighing between 500 g and 999 g. - Preterm labor Expulsion of pregnancy fruit between 28 weeks and 37 weeks or with a body weight of 1000 g and 2499 g. - Parturition matures/term Expulsion of pregnancy fruit between 37 weeks and 42 weeks or a baby weighing 2500 g or more. - Post mature parturition/serotinus Expulsion of the fruit of pregnancy after 42 weeks. 1. During labor The labor process consists of 4 stages, namely: a. Stage I (opening period) In partu (partum begins) is characterized by the discharge of mucus mixed with blood, the cervix begins to open and flatten, the blood comes from the rupture of capillaries, the cervical canal.The opening period is divided into 2 phases: 1) Latent phase: The opening of the cervix is slow, until the opening lasts 8 hours and the opening becomes 3 cm. 2) Active phase: Lasts 6 hours divided into 3 sub-phases, namely a) Acceleration period: lasts 2 hours, dilation becomes 7 cm. b) Period of maximum dilation (steady) for 2 hours, opening lasted 2 hours, quickly became 9 cm. c) The deceleration period takes place slowly within 2 hours of opening to 10 cm. d) At the end of the first stage, the cervix is fully dilated, the uterus, cervix and vagina become a continuous channel, the amniotic membrane ruptures, strong uterine contractions every 2-3 minutes for 50-60 seconds for each contraction, the fetal head descends into the pelvis. b. Stage II (fetal expulsion His is coordinated quickly and takes longer, approximately every 2-3 minutes, the fetal head has descended and entered the pelvic space, so that there is pressure on the pelvic floor muscles which reflexively causes a feeling of throbbing due to pressure on the rectum so that it feels like defecating with signs anus opens. At birth, the fetal head begins to appear, the vulva opens and the perineum stretches. With guided hiss and meneran the head will be born and followed by the entire body of the fetus. Stage II in primigravida 1.5-2 hours, in multi 0.5 hours. c. Stage III (expulsion of the placenta) After the baby is born, there are contractions, the uterus rests for a while, the uterus feels hard with the uterine fundus above the center, the placenta becomes twice as thick as before. A few moments later hissing occurs, discharge and excretion of urine. Within 5-10 minutes, the entire placenta is separated, pushed into the vagina and the placenta will be born spontaneously or with a slight push from above the symphysis/fundus of the uterus, the whole process takes place 5-30 minutes after the baby is born. Expulsion of the placenta is accompanied by the release of approximately 100-200 cc of blood. d. Stage IV Supervision, for 2 hours after the baby and uterus are born, observing the mother's condition, especially for the danger of post partum bleeding. Monitoring is carried out by maintaining strong and continuous uterine contractions and retractions.