Chapter 3 - Carbohydrates

Chp 3: Carbohydrates Introduction carbs are preferred energy storage used extensively by brain as energy source should not be avoided when losing weight Mono's alranids Single sugars Glucose Blood Sugar fructose, sweetest, found in fruits and honey galactose occurs mainly on part of lactose Disaccharides Double Sugars sucrose, glucose fructose, table sugar lactose, glucose galactose, milk sugar maltose, two glucose units, starch breakdown product Polysaccharides monosaccharide chains Glycogen polysaccharides composed of glucose and stored in liver and muscle Starch plant polysaccharides composed of glucose molecules in occasionally branched chains or straight chains fibers found in plant derived foods, non digestible by human digestive enzymes fiber Resistant Starches are classified as fibers Some are digested by bacteria in the digestive tract Soluble fibers dissolve in water, are viscous, easily fermented Insoluble fibers do not dissolve in water, are non viscous, less easily fermentable Digestion Absorption of carbohydrates Goal: Break down sugars and starches into small molecules the body can absorb and use Many Soluble fibers digested by bacteria TABLE 3 The Major Sugars Pentasaccharides Hsaccharides Chp 3: Continued... Regulation of Blood Glucose "Blood glucose homeostasis maintained primarily by insulin and glucagon Insulin "Facilitated bland glucose uptoka by moscles and adipose tissur "Ghimuotas glycogan Synthesis in the liver Reduces Mood groove The roblese of gluccise from glusugan Glucagon triggers the breakdown of liver glycogen to tringit glucese mchacles Roisas blood glucose when it folls for low Health acts of Sugars All Suteiners "Naturally occuring us. added sugors Sugers upueril trend in alled Sungor consumption in hocant deodat overage us intake is snarssive "Obesialy Excessive Sugars excessive energy intohas con increase risk of weight goin, excuts body fol limiting abled Sagors effective for Laight loss Health Effects of Sugar and All. Sumetnars Sugar Alchohals Ali Sagar Heart disease Sugor Kichehals Excess intake may aller lipids in ways that increase rist Triggers lover glycemic responte Type 2 diabetes Body fot is linked to type 2 diabetes does not coune dentel corries Nutrient deficiency Alternative Swectmers Addai Sugars displace meriants little corb aver Dental corries Sale over life time is in ADI Carbs Suppert bacterial growth does Not corse fouth day "Length risk cntern effects on weight. Aspartame is danger with people with thangl Vetenurio Racermendel Sagar inteme Distory buidlines for Americans Reduce ami, of ful from added sugers Man of forsyons for 2000 hal potters DRI Max. 25 K Chp 3: Continued... Health Effects of Starch and Dietary Fibers Fiber rich carbs are good for health Heart disease Heart healthy : whole grains, veggies, legumes Gel forming fibers : lower blood cholesterol Diabetes Higher fiber foods risk type 2 diabetes Dietary fibers enhance long intestine health