University:
Marymont University
Course:
BIO 110 | Introduction to Environmental Science
Academic year:

2020
Views:

333

Pages:

15
Author:

Nicole Wang

Today’s Plan: Enzymes Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Practice Questions Unit 3 Q&A • • • → • • • → • ∆𝐺 = ∆𝐻 − 𝑇∆𝑆 ∆𝐺 = ∆𝐺𝑓 − ∆𝐺𝑖 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Cellular respiration includes the metabolic pathways of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, as represented in the figures. In cellular respiration, carbohydrates and other metabolites are oxidized, and the resulting energy-transfer reactions support the synthesis of ATP. (a) Using the information above, describe ONE contribution of each of the following in ATP synthesis. H H H H H H I Uf and p ru at Catabolism of glucose in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation ti n Fi ur . Kr b. Oxidation of intermediates in the Krebs cycle Fi ur . El tr n tran p rt hain Formation of a proton gradient by the electron transport chain • Produces NADH or F ADH2 for use in ETC ------------------ • Releases high energy electrons for use in ETC • Produces NADH for use in ETC • Provides energy to pump protons against their • The flow of protons through membrane-bound ATP • Produces acetyl-CoA for entry into Krebs cycle concentration gradient synthase generates ATP • Provides energy for (substrate level) • Produces GTP for (substrate level) phosphorylation • Provides energy for (oxidative) phosphorylation of ADP of ADP phosphory ation of ADP • • • • • • • • • • • Multiple Choice Practice → Multiple Choice Practice ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° FRQ Practice (2021 #3) Free Response Practice: FRQ Practice (2021 #3) Free Response Practice: FRQ Practice (2021 #3) Free Response Practice: FRQ Practice (2021 #3) Free Response Practice: Endergonic Reaction • • • ENDEAOONIC R£ACTIOH.. 40 > 0 Enzymes D.t:RGOMIC Rr.ACTlON� 6G < 0 Not e;pontaneoue; ABSORB energy Example: ADP + P1 • • • ➔ ATP Spontaneous RELEASE energy Example: ATP ➔ ADP + P, • • • ._ enzyme changes shllj)e Functions slightly as subsuare binds Biological catalyst Speeds up chemical reactions Reduces the activation energy --+ Exergonic Reaction (DStae Starting Material: -� r.-mr.• j .. t Chain Electron Traner>or If .. ., FNADH/FADH 2 (electrons) -.,.,,,Y,,.,,Y""-Y.,..-.,...,. • Protons pumpc:d into IM sp,;ice """-':xJr"itb:X"tOcr-�r-: v�v.___;1._ry':!II!...�..,....., • Product: • Generates proton gradient ATPs • Fin;;1I electron ;;1cceptor: OXYGEN • Two Parts: Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis • • of Ille enzym Photosynthesis Krebs Cycle Location: Mitochondrial Matrix Staring Material: Acet;yl CoA Pr oducU: 0 Ille Products leave �CIJ..e lie Competitive: • Binds to active si Noncompetitive: • Binds to allosteric site R..acllon Progress Cellular Respiration Glycolysis (vSUbstralA! Is convened to products. Inhibitors What is Gibbs Free Energy? • Enzyme/subslrnt (!) complex k>rms. Electron Trane;port Chai 1-r tt � • Protone; are pumped into the thylakoid space • • Calvin Cycle Location: Stroma Starting Material: 3 CO 2 9ATP 6 NADPH ic Reaction EHD£AOOMC REACTlOfrt. UJ > 0 • • • txtRGOollC RtACTION: aG < 0 RMc:ttoni•�· 1------- Not spontaneous ABSORB energy Example: ADP + P 1 ➔ ATP • • • g it j SpontaneouG RELEASE energy Example: A fP ➔ ADP + P 1 1 nrno Exergonic Reaction Tlmo Grbbs Fr,ee Energy & Reactions What is Gibbs Free Energy? • LLlG = LlH - TLlS_J I r . Functions • • • I J LlG = LlGt - LlGi Enzymes enzyme changes ,;h sllghdy as subsua1e binds products Biological ca-talyGt Speeds up chemical reactionG Reduces the activation eneri:iv ■■ ■ Q) SUbslrate • erners aclive site ol enzyme. .0 .0 Reaction Pr09reu • • • Energy available to do wor Important Notes: Enzymes are PROTEINS Are NOT consumed by the reaction Have no effect on the change in Gibbs Free Energy -+ ■■ ■• --+ Q) Enzyme/substt�te complex lorms. Competitive: • Binds to active site Noncompetitive: • Binds to alloe;teric site Denaturation -+ @Sd>strall! 15 convened to product�. hibitors Environmental Temperatures pH (outside of optimal range) Salinity © Products leave Ille aetwe sue or Ille enzy!l1e. camu ,.,,,eiro, \ ® �' w tQ-J-{0�\PffilM N'lelkJft Cellular Respiration • • Glycolysis • 2(_@ l(filW[lD� Location: CytoGol St.;irti ng M.;iterial: Glucos-e Producte: 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH 2ATP • • mm J --�( 6\U(OS[ ] ----.::. [ 2 x PYRlNflll] � , �� f\ 2 -<'AIPl 2 @f) i ·=u ID Ill 11ms '-"'.U Krebs Cycle . oxo:::ocmi.... Location: Mitochondrial Matrix Staring Material: Acetyl CoA Products: • 2 CO 2 3 NADH 1 F ADH 2 1 Aff :. C.® [c � o:xo:, A "-- Chemios-mo2i€ � Oxidative Phosphorylation • ATP Syntl,ae;e ue,ee; proton gradient -� ---r-'@J •co. • Sy nth ee,iz p • Location: Mitochondrial Cristae ::: " • Starting Material: Electron TraMport Chain NADH/FADH 2 (electrons) • Protons pumped into IM spaice "-CC:t=ilC:C:X:"'{:X::r�x,-x,').r:;.C,'('X,.).'),c,._-rv�""""' • Product: • Generates proton gradient ATPs • Frnal electron acceptor: OXYGEN • Two Parte;: Electron Transport Chain & Cnemiosmosis rm...._ . If - .. lla!.D, Photosynthesis • • • Light Reactions Location: Thylakoid Membrane Starting Material: • Water (electrons) • Photons (energy) Products: �ATP Unear Electron Flow PS I & PS ill Syntliesizes ATP & NADPH Cycl;c Eiectron Flow PSIONLY • • Calvin Cycle Location: Strama Starting Material: 3C0 2 9ATP 6 NADPH Products: G3P • -y-/ c__� :'> HfR,!4lf.l tt.O "L0,• 111• - Electron Transport !:haili If tr tr tr • Protone;; are pumped into the thylakoid space tr ' c.cQQ ),....,._ iOlt :oxQ( � ..,, laNHJ.-S o.(,%1 _,_.,