Biology Study Guides

TABLE 1. CHANGES IN MORNING GLORY PET AL CELLS DURING FLOWER OPENING OPEN FLOWER BUD Proton Pump Vucuolc Proton Pump \ K+fH+ Transport H+ Protein Vacuole H+ tt H+ + K+m+ K+ Tnmsport Protein (active) H20 (inactive) tt• 7.7 Vacuole pH 6.6 Flower Color Red Blue Cell Volwne Small Large TI1e petal color of the·. lexjca.m rnonling glory (lpomoett trfr·olor) changes from red. to b]ne, and the petal cells swe1l durimg lflov.rer opening� The pign1e11t heavetdy blue and1ocyanin is fout1d in die vacuole of petal ceHs. Petal color is detenu ined by 1tbe pH of the vacuole. A model of a n10rnh1g glory petal ceJJ before amd after flower opening is shov.r11 in Table 1 . r in �e pH of the vacuoie (a) :Identify tbe ce]lular component it1 tbe model tlurl is r� pomsib[e fo.r the incease oori11g flower opemb1g AND describe the conlpOnenrf s role in chu.ging t'.he pH of lhe vacuo]e. 1 TABLE L CHANGES IN MORNING GLORY PET AL CELLS DURING FLOWER OPENING BUD OPEN t'LO\VER Proton Pump Vacuole Vacuole K• K+fH+ Transport Protein H+ (inactive) H+ tt H + + + tt + K JH Tnmsport Protein (active) ldentificati1on (I po.int) • r Pomn Pump 1 K• + K+ tt+ K H20 Vacuol•e pH 6.6 7.7 Flower Color Red !Blue Cell Volume Small Large Description (,I :pomnt) K+ K+ K• + ( K / H+ )1 transport protein K+ • U moves .H+ out of the vacuole.·. (h) А юeseareher 1claims that the actirvation of the К. Ін+ transpf)rt pr()tein. causes the vacuo[1e tn swiell with water"" P.ror vide reasonmg to support the researchers clajm" к+ Channel Proton Pump V�cuol-c + к+fН+ Traш,port-1---Proteiп ( і n1:1cLi \'С) + к 1н Tпmsport Protein (active) к+ н+ Н20 Vacuole рН 6.6 7.7 Flo,ver Color Red ІВІuе Cell Voluшe Small Lз.rge Reasoning (.І point) • Тhе concen1ration of solute r( К + ) is increasing inside thre vacuoie. • The solute ( К� ) is moving inro the vacuoie·, m_alking it hypertonic/hyperosmotic/lowering water potential.. Cystic fibrosis і а gene:nc conditioi1 tl1at і. а осіated with defec'ts іп tШ1е CFГR pmtei[tl. Tl1e CF'ГR proteii1 is а gated ion cl1amoel that requires АТР bir1c:ling іо order to al]ow cb[orjde ions (CL-) ro diffuse across tЬе n1embra.ne. fu tll:et pmvided mode] of а се]]") dJ'aw airrOWS to det cribe the pa1rh\vay for prodncttio11 of а normal CPl'R protein fron1 gem,e ex.press.ion to f'шal ce]]ular [ocatiol!IJ. Pla.-.ma Mcmbronc Pla�ma Mcmbranc Mitochondrion Gulgi Аррмаш , Golgi Apparnшs Lysosoшe Lysosoшe Endopla�mic ReticL1lum • Cystic fibrosis і а gene:nc conditioi1 tl1a1 і. а осіated with defec'ts іп tШ1е CFГR pmtei[tl. Tl1e CF'ГR proteii1 is а gated ion cl1amoel that requires АТР bir1c:ling іо order to al]ow cb[orjde ions (CL-) ro diffuse across tЬе n1embra.ne. ldentify tЬе most likely celluJar location of the rihosomes that syntheaize CFTR protei:n� Pla.-.ma Mcmbronc ldeDM&c:aиan (J point) Mitochondrion Golgi Apparnшs Lysosoшe Endopla�mic ReticL1lum • (Rough) Endoplaнmic R�tirolum/ER Cystic fibrosis і а gene:nc conditioi1 tl1a1 і. а осіated with defec'ts іп tШ1е CFГR pmtei[tl. Tl1e CF'ГR proteii1 is а gated ion cl1amoel that requires АТР bir1c:ling іо order to al]ow cb[orjde ions (CL-) ro diffuse across tЬе n1embra.ne. t с) ldentily he mos1 likely cellиla.r location of а mutant СРТR protein that has an amino acid .suЬ.stimtion im1 the А TP-bim1ding site. 1( Pla.-.ma Mcmbronc Mitochondrion ldenlilie:ation (1 paint) • Golgi Apparnшs Lysosoшe Endopla�mic ReticL1lum 1n the ( ee�1ula.r/plasma) memJЬrcm.e Estrogens are sm.a hydrophohic lipid honnones that promote cell division and the deveLop,meп.t of П reproductive structшes in mammals. Estrogens passively diffuse acroos ilie plasma. menmrane and bind to th.eiI receptoI proteins in the cytoplasm of target celJs . . а) Des-elibe 10NE c•1a.racteristic of ше p]asma н1ert1fЬrane that alio s estrogems to р� sively cross the meмhrane� Des1:ription І І point) • Нydrophobic / Nonpolar • Spаcе between phospholipids Estrogens are sm.aП hydrophohic lipid honnones that promote cell division and the deveLop,meп.t of reproductive structшes in mammals. Estrogens passively diffuse acroos ilie plasma. menmrane and bind to th.eiI receptoI proteins in the cytoplasm of target celJs. (Ь 1�1 а ІаЬоrаюrу experi1net1t, а r,� еа he get1erates antibodies thar bit1d to p�rified estroget1 receptors extrn.cted fro111cei1s. The researcher us_es the antibodlJi�s ів an altempt to tteat �strogen-dependent cancers h11t tfit1ds rl1at the rrearn1et1t is imeffective. 'Explai·n dte it1effecti ene� s of tlle antibodies for treating estrogeв-dependeotcancers. Bxplana.tion (2 pointв) • • А.п tihaidies are unahle to enter ·tJhe cell (Extrace]lular) antiЬodies "Nill not bind to (intra.cellular) estrogen receptors. The fo]Jowj[).g data ,vere 1c0Hected Ьу observit1g. uЬceПu]ar. truc�uries of three diRere11t types of eukaryotic сеВ.. RELA ПVЕ AMOUNТS ,Qp 01R.OA'NELLES І · ТНRЕЕ CELL ТУРЕS СеЛ Туре Sн1oothER RoughER Mitochon.ciria СПіа GoJgi Bodies х SmaH an1ouпt S rnal[ amount Large пurnЬer Present So1all ю:nouot у Large ram.ouп't Large aJ�uount Modernte nш' 111Ьеr Absemt 'Large a111ouнt z AIЬs.en.t Abs_et1t Abs_et1t Absemt Ab.set1t Вased on. ан ana]ysis : of 1the· data, identify а likely primary functiom of eacl1 се]] type at1.d explain •1ow tJ1e data support the identifica1·�011. 11:1е fo\Jowing dа!З were collected Ьу observing suЬcellular strucrures of rnree different types of eukaryotic cells. RELATNE AМOUNТS OF ORGANELLES IN THREE CELL ТУРЕS 1 Cell Туре х Cel\ Туре Sшoot\1 ER Rough ER Mjrochondria Cilia Golgi Bodies х Small amount Small amourн Large nшnЬer Present Small amou11t у Large aшount Large anюunt Modemte nш11Ьеr Absent Large aшouot z Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent E.xplain h.ow data support iden.tification (1 point each сопесt. pair-). :NОТЕ'·: No poiкts for iden.tification without. e�plaaation., Iden : .tify functioв • Locomotion • Movementl surface 1 AND movement and large amounts of mi1tochandria to provide Наs cilia for : energy for 1ocomotion of cell itse]f ( ciliated protist) or movement of particles (mucus /oocyte) along cell surface The fo]Jowj[).g data ,vere 1c0Hected Ьу observit1g. uЬceПu]ar. truc�uries of three diRere11t types of eukaryotic сеВ.. RELA ПVЕ AMOUNТS ,Qp 01R.OA'NELLES І · ТНRЕЕ CELL ТУРЕS І СеЛ Туре Sн1oothER RoughER Mitochon.ciria СПіа GoJgi Bodies х SmaH an1ouпt S rnal[ amount Large пurnЬer Present So1all ю:nouot у Large ram.ouп't Large aJ�uount Modernte n'ш111Ьеr Absemt 'Large a111ouнt z AIЬs.en.t Abs_et1t Abs_et1t Absemt Ab.set1t Вased on. ан ana]ysis : of 1the· data, identify а likely primary functiom of eacl1 се]] type at1.d explain •1ow tJ1e data support the identifica1·�011. The following dаш were collected Ьу observing suЬcellular strucrures of three dlfferent types of eukaryotic cells. RELAТІVЕ AMOUNТS OF ORGANELiLES IN ТНRЕЕ CELL ТУРіЕS 1Cell Туре СеІІ Туре SrnootJ1 ER Rough ER Mi1ocho11dria СіІіа Golgi Bodies х SmaJI аrnошн Small аmошн Large numЬer Present Small aшount у ILarge amount Large amount Moderate nuшЬer Abseot Large ашоuпt z Abseпt Abset1t Absent Absent Absent Explain :Ьоw data support ident. ification (1 point 1eaoh оопеоt pair). NОТЕ: N о points f'or ideotification without exp . laвation. Identify : function 1 lt • ,Secretion І exocytosis • Protein thesis • Lipid/hoпnone synthesis • Deto.xification AND AND Наs 1arge amolillts of rough ER and Golgi to produce and package proteins Нав large amoштts of smooth ER to produce ltpids / honnones The fo]Jowj[).g data ,vere 1c0Hected Ьу observit1g. uЬceПu]ar. truc�uries of three diRere11t types of eukaryotic сеВ.. RELA ПVЕ AMOUNТS ,Qp 01R.OA'NELLES І · ТНRЕЕ CELL ТУРЕS СеЛ Туре Sн1oothER RoughER Mitochon.ciria СПіа GoJgi Bodies х SmaH an1ouпt S rnal[ amount Large пurnЬer Present So1all ю:nouot у Large ram.ouп't Large aJ�uount Modernte n'ш111Ьеr Absemt 'Large a111ouнt z AIЬs.en.t Abs_et1t Abs_et1t Absemt Ab.set1t Вased on. ан ana]ysis : of 1the· data, identify а likely primary functiom of eacl1 се]] type at1.d explain •1ow tJ1e data support the identifica1·�011. The followiлg data were collected Ьу observi11g suЬcellular strucrures of three differeпt types of eukaryotic celJs. RELATTVE AMOUNТS OF ORGANELLES IN ТНRЕЕ CELL ТУРЕS 1C ell -- Sшoo1J1 ER Rough ER Mi1ocho11dria сша Golgi Bodles х SmaJI ашоu111 Small amouлt Large 11ш11Ьеr Present Small amount у Large aпюunt Large a.n10ur11 Moderate numЬer Absent Large amount z Abse111 Absent Absent Absent Absent :Іde·nt!i.fy function Туре z Cell Туре • • • Тranspon OR -- Protection OR Support OR -- Sto[age OR -- No function OR Explain how data support id.e:ntificatioo (1 point each correct pair). :NОТЕ·: Nо po1ints for ide,:ntification without explanation. Oxygen transport in animaJ cells AND • Water ttansport in plant cells Epidermal cells (stтatum corneum, AND Does not cork, naiJs) requi[e ., Ground tissue (schlerenchyma) AND these ., Vascular tissue (xylem) organelles • Мax:irnizes voiшne І spaoe аvailaЬle AND (hemog1obm, oxygen) • 1s а dead сеіl/:ш undergoing apoptosis AND • •