University:
Marymount University
Course:
BIO 260 | Microbiology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

352

Pages:

1
Author:

Kevin L.

BACTERIA Bacteria can be found everywhere because they can adapt to various environments and can uses various carbon sources to produce energy. Apart from that, bacteria can easily reproduce themselves by means of divide yourself. According to taxonomy, bacteria are single-celled creatures which is categorized into the kingdom Monera, phylum Eubacteria and class Schizomutaceae. The classes above are then divided into several orders. Important bacteria in the field foods generally belong to the order Eubacteriales and Pseudomonadales. The next classification is general based on shape, size, arrangement, Gram staining, motile (can move) or not, presence or absence endospores, and their appearance as colonies on the medium artificial or food ingredients. a. Size, Shape, and Arrangement Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that are very small, in diameter between 0.2 - 3.0 mm, while the rod-shaped ones are sized 0.5-15mm. There are three basic forms of bacteria, namely round or cocci (plural = chefs), rods or bacilli (plural = basili) and spirals. In general, cocci-shaped bacteria can be arranged form pairs (diplokoki), groups consisting of four cells (tetrad), a group of eight cells (sarcina), chains (streptococci), and clustered, like grapes (staphylococci). Rod-shaped bacteria can also arrange themselves form pairs (diplobacilli), or chains (streptobacilli). Spiral-shaped bacteria can be short rods, like a comma and are called vibrios, some form helices and are called spirilla and some move by stretching (flexing) and swaying (wiggling) which is called spirochet. shows the shape and arrangement of bacteria. Bacterial form determined by the cell wall. b. Gram stain Based on the composition of the cell wall, bacteria classified into two groups, namely Gram bacteria positive and negative. This grouping is based on procedures Gram staining produces two types of bacteria different (see also modules 1-4). Because the structure is different cell walls, these two types of bacteria have resistance properties different to heat and antibiotic compounds. c. Endospore Formation Bacteria from Bacillus, genus Clostridium, Desulfotomaculum, Sporolactobacillus and Sporosarcina can forms endospores. Endospores are formed spores inside bacterial cells, is very refractile, and very resistant to heat, ultraviolet light, and dryness. In the field food microbiology the two most important genera that produce endospores are Bacillus and Clostridium. Bacteria that Having endospores, if they undergo lysis, they will be released the spores will remain dormant, that is, survive without detectable metabolic activity. If condition favorable environment then the spores can do so germination, that is, it grows again as a vegetative cell carry out normal metabolism.

Bacteria - Study Notes

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