Mitosis - Edubirdie

University:
Minnesota State University Moorhead
Course:
BIOL-104 | Cell Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

480

Pages:

3
Author:

skarvurdld6

Mitosis ➔ Every human began as one cell. Adults have 30 trillion cells. Therefore, you may wonder how we have gained all of these cells ◆ The answer is cell division ◆ One cell can divide to produce two cells ◆ The two cells produced from the one cell are called daughter cells, and they are genetically identical to the cell that they divided from ◆ Cells divide when they become too big, and cell division allows for the growth of an organism and for repair ● For instance, cell division helps repair broken bones ● Mitosis is an important part of cell division where the cell actually divides into two more cells ➔ Cell Division ◆ There are multiple stages of the cell cycle that allow cell division to occur ● The first phase is called interphase. ○ In interphase, the cell prepares for cell division by growing in size, ensuring it has all of the necessary organelles, and replicating its DNA ◆ A cell must replicate its DNA before mitosis so that each daughter cell has the same amount of DNA (and an identical copy) ● After interphase, mitosis occurs ○ There are five stages of mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis ◆ Prophase ● The nucleus condenses and chromosomes become visible. ○ Chromosomes are “X” structures consisting of proteins with DNA wrapped around them ◆ A chromosome is made up of two chromatids, which are held together at the centromere ◆ Metaphase ● The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. ○ Think “M” for middle ● Spindle fibers (long, thin structures) attach to the centromere of each chromosome ◆ Anaphase ● The two chromatids split from the chromosome and move away from each other to opposite ends of the cell ○ Think “A” for away ● The spindle fibers move the chromatids toward opposite ends ◆ Telophase ● Two nuclei are formed, and the cell begins to divide into two daughter cells ◆ Cytokinesis ● The cell pinches to form two daughter cells ● The cytoplasm divides to form the two new cells