Body Systems Answers

Body Systems 1. What is the major organ of the integumentary system and largest organ of the body? Skin 2. Approximately how much surface area does this organ cover? 20 square feet 3. What are the 3 layers within this organ? 1: Epidermis is the top layer of the skin, the part of the skin you see. 2: Dermis is the second layer of skin. It's much thicker and does a lot for your body. 3: Subcutaneous fat is the bottom layer. 4. What are the main functions of this system? Protection, regulation and sensation. Wounding affects all the functions of the skin. 5. List 6 accessory structures found within this system. 1: Hair 2: Nails 3: Sweats glands 4: Sebaceous glands 5: Dermis 6: Hypodermis Circulatory/Cardiovascular System 6. What are the main components of the cardiovascular system? The heart, the bloodvessel and the blood itself. 7. How much blood does the average adult male & female contain? Male: 5 liters Female: 5 liters 8. What is the main function of blood? Transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues. 9. What are the different components of blood? Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Skeletal & Muscular Systems 10. What is the main function of both skeletal and muscular systems? Protect the body's organs, support the weight of the body, and give the body shape. 11. Approximately how many bones are there in our bodies? 206 bones 12. Approximately how many muscles are there in our bodies? 600 muscles 13. The heart is made of involuntary muscles. What do you think involuntary means in this case? (don’t look it up) Why do you think it is important for the heart to be made of involuntary muscle? I think it means muscles to protect the heart and they aren't necessary and some don't even have a function. 14. What other body system plays a direct role in moving muscles? Nervous system Nervous System: 15. Why is the nervous system like a “telegraph”? It sends beats all through the system like a morse code. 16. What are the 2 parts of the Central Nervous System (CNS)? Brain and spinal cord 17. What is the peripheral nervous system? One of two components that make up the nervous system of bilateral animals, with the other part being the central nervous system. 18. What functions are controlled by the autonomic nervous system? Regulates certain body processes, such as blood pressure and the rate of breathing. Respiratory System 19. What is the main function of the respiratory system? (click on the respiratory system title in the menu) To move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases. 20. What main organs are involved in carrying out this function? 1: The brain controls thoughts, memory and other organs. 2: The heart pumps blood around the body. 3: The lungs separate oxygen from the air and remove carbon dioxide from the blood. 4: The stomach helps to digest food 5: The intestines absorb nutrients from food. 21. What are the differences between the systemic and pulmonary circuits? These are part of the circulatory system (click on these titles in the menu) Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs and Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. Digestive System: 22. What is the purpose of the digestive system? Digest food that you eat. 23. What are the main organs of the alimentary canal (aka gastrointestinal tract- GI tract)? Esophagus, stomach, and intestines 24. List the accessory organs of the digestive system and explain why they are called “accessory”. liver and gallbladder, and the pancreas. They are called accessories because they are not essential 25. What are the six major functions that take place in the digestive system? 1: Ingestion 2: Motility 3: Mechanical digestion 4: Chemical digestion 5: Absorption 6: Defecation 26. Define the term “peristalsis” and explain why it is important. It is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles that propagates in a wave down a tube, in an anterograde direction. It is important because it moves Food through the digestive system. Urine from the kidneys into the bladder. Excretory System 27. What is another name for the urinary system? Renal system 28. What is the purpose of the urinary system? To filter blood and create urine as a waste by-product. 28. Give some examples of factors that can affect the amount of urine excreted each day. The amount of liquid and food you consume and the amount of fluid you lose through sweating and breathing. Certain medicines, medical conditions, and types of food can also affect the amount of urine you produce 29. What are the main components of the urinary system? Fill in the table. Component Description Kidneys bean-shaped organs that are located just below the rib cage in the middle of the back; remove urea - waste product formed by the breakdown of proteins Utres urine travels down these two thin tubes to the bladder Bladder a hollow, balloon-shaped organ that is located in the pelvis; stores urine until the brain signals the bladder that the person is ready to empty it; can hold up to 16 ounces (almost half a liter) of urine comfortably for two to five hours. Urethra the tube that allows urine to pass outside the body; males have a longer tube than females.