Parasite, Host Relationships

University:
Sam Houston State University
Course:
BIOL 1406 | General Biology I
Academic year:

2022
Views:

398

Pages:

1
Author:

larbiwxcvbn

Parasite, Host Relationships Helpful Background Information for Teachers: • Every living organism has a life cycle. Parasite life cycles are especially well researched and understood due to their short duration and medical and economic impact on people and animals. • Due to the variety of parasites, specifics of the life cycle vary • Understanding the steps in the life cycle can help identify vulnerable points that can be exploited to reduce parasitic infection and reduce spread. • Parasites can be spread to people from animals by ingesting eggs from feces, drinking contaminated water, eating meat containing parasites, and through vectors such as insects. • There are many different parasites that people can get from animals but that does not mean that all animal parasites can infect humans. Most parasites are species specific. • There are many more common parasites that people get that are not zoonotic and are therefore not discussed in this presentation such as malaria, pinworms, and lice. • One of the most common ways to diagnose parasites is through a procedure known as a fecal float. Eggs passed by the adults inside the host are passed into the feces and identified in a fecal sample under magnification. Helpful Vocabulary and Definitions: • Parasite: An organism which lives within or upon a different host species and my cause harm to the host • Host: Living organism affording sustenance or protection to a parasite • Indirect life cycle: at least 2 hosts required 1) the definitive host which harbors the adult or sexually reproductive stage of the parasite and 2) one or more intermediate host(s) which harbors developmental or asexually reproductive stages of the parasite • Protozoa: microscopic, unicellular organisms that are usually motile and complete both sexual and asexual reproduction ; exist in one of two forms as either a trophozoite or a cyst. • Trophozoite: vegetative or feeding form of protozoan organisms • Cyst: stage in life of a protozoan in which the organism is surrounded by a distinct membrane, a resting stage relatively resistant to environmental changes • Binary Fission: a form of asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells • Helminths: a group of multicellular animals made up of roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes • Larva: immature stage of an organism; can be used to describe helminthes, insects, or arachnids • Egg: reproductive products of helminthes, insects, and arachnids • Vector: living organism which transfers a parasite from one host to another; there are 2 types of vectors a mechanical vector which physically transports a parasite and a biological vector which acts as a host and allows for the multiplication of the organism within the vector before spreading the parasite on. • Parasiticide: drug which is used to kill parasites • Drug Tolerance: occurs when higher doses of a drug are needed to achieve the same result • Drug Resistance: reduction in the effectiveness of a drug