University:
Sam Houston State University
Course:
BIOL 1406 | General Biology I
Academic year:

2019
Views:

40

Pages:

11
Author:

Calvin S

Reproduction and Genetics Mendel and Genetics I. Gregor Mendel • A) Geneticist who first developed the rules to predicting the pattern of heredity – 1) Monk who did experiments with peas • B) Heredity – 1. passing of traits such as coat color, polled or horned, height, etc. from parents to offspring I. Gregor Mendel • C) Breeding Generations – 1. P Generation • a) parental generation – 2. F1 Generation • a) Filial Generation • b) 1st offspring of P Generation – 3. F2 Generation • a) 2nd Filial Generation • b) offspring of F1 Generation I. Gregor Mendel • D)3 Steps of Mendel’s Experiment – 1. P Generation • a) Allowed each variety to self pollinate for several generations – 1. ensure that all offspring would display only one form of a particular trait (flower color) – 2. Crossbred the two strains of the P generation • • - Recorded Data - Resulted in all purple flowers I. Gregor Mendel • D)3 Steps of Mendel’s Experiment – 3. Allowed the F1 Generation to self-pollinate • a) Resulted in the F2 Generation • b) 1 out of every four flowers was white. I. Gregor Mendel II. Traits • A) Chromosomes and Genes are in pairs – 1. One chromosome is contributed by each parent – 2. Chromosome Locus • a) site where a gene is found on a chromosome • B) Traits – 1. For each inherited trait an individual has, there are two copies of that gene ( 1 from each parent) – 2. Genes are what causes traits to appear • a) each version is called an allele • a) eye color, coat color, marbling, ribeye area, etc. III. Genes Located on Corresponding Homologous Chromosomes may: • A) Correspond to each other – 1. homozygous • B) Differ from each other – 2. heterozygous • C) Genes on corresponding chromosomes that control the same trait are called alleles IV: Alleles • A) Homozygous (BB or bb) – 1. both alleles are the same • B) Heterozygous (Bb) – 1. two alleles are different • C) The dominant (capital) allele is always expressed when it is present • D) The recessive allele is only expressed when both copies of the gene are recessive V: Genotype and Phenotype • A) Genotype – 1. amount, order, and type of genes an individual has – 2. genetic make-up of an individual • B) Phenotype – 1. Physical traits an individual possesses – 2. Doesn’t take into account masked traits only expressed or dominant traits