Digestive Systems | Lecture Note - Edubirdie

University:
Sam Houston State University
Course:
BIOL 1406 | General Biology I
Academic year:

2020
Views:

380

Pages:

10
Author:

StellarSymphony

Digestive Systems Digestive Systems Overviews Objectives •Describe the structures and functions of the digestive system of ruminant animals •Draw the structures of the digestive system of ruminant animals •Label the structures of the digestive system of ruminant animals Digestion • Digestion: Breaking down large, nutrient macromolecules into simpler molecules for use by an organism. • Food enters the mouth and goes through mechanical and chemical changes as it passes through the alimentary canal. Types of Stomachs • Simple Stomach – Man, Pig • Complex Stomach – Cattle, Sheep, Goats • Simple Stomach with enlarged ceacum – Horses, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs Parts of Digestive Tract • Mouth: initial opening of alimentary canal – Salivary Glands • secrete juices that contain enzymes to help break up the food – Mastication • chewing, crushing, preparing food for swallowing Parts of Digestive Tract • Pharynx: funnel shaped muscle between mouth and esophagus – part of digestive and respiratory tracts • Esophagus: muscular tube connecting pharnyx to stomach – muscle contractions move food down to stomach Parts of Digestive Tract • Stomach: located between esophagus and small intestine – Two basics types • Simple • Ruminant Parts of Digestive Tract Simple Stomach • Humans, swine, rabbits and horses – Divided into three regions • cardiac • fundus • pylorus Simple Stomach • Digestion: – is mechanical, muscle contractions – is chemical, enzymes soften and break down macromolecules of food • enzymes are catalysts, they start the chemical reactions Simple Stomach • Enzymes that break down food – Gastric-break down proteins in stomach – Liver and pancreatic-break down fats in small intestine – Intestinal-break down carbohydrates and proteins in small intestine

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