University:
Texas A&M University
Course:
BIOL 319 | Integrated Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Academic year:

2022
Views:

348

Pages:

34
Author:

Tarime9wn

CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER Mesenchyme connective tissue Slide 39 Dense connective tissue Slide 15 Adipose connective tissue Slide 38b Loose connective tissue Slide 61 Alternative slide 250 Elastic connective tissue Slide 28 Reticular connective tissue Slide 45 Mucus connective tissue Slide 87 Objectives • Describe each type of connective tissue (CT) and explain where they are found. • List the types of cells, fibers, and other extracellular matrix components found in connective tissues. • Relate the functions of each connective tissue to their structural organization. FUNCTION OF CT MECHANICAL SUPPORT – STROMA BELOW EPITHELIUM METABOLITE EXCHANGE - VASCULAR BEDS ENERGY STORAGE - ADIPOSE TISSUE INFLAMMATION - SITE OF ACTION FOR BLOOD BORNE IMMUNE CELLS FIBROSIS - WOUND HEALING - OVERPRODUCTION OF COLLAGEN CONNECTIVE TISSUE Types of connective tissue Mesenchyme connective tissue Slide 39 Dense connective tissue Slide 15 Adipose connective tissue Slide 38b Loose connective tissue Slide 61 Alternative slide 250 Elastic connective tissue Slide 28 Reticular connective tissue Slide 45 Mucus connective tissue Slide 87 Alternative slide 250 Slide 61: Terminal Ileum Lamina propria consisting of loose connective tissue ( more cells and less fibers) Note the abundance of cells and low density of fibers in the lamina propria compared to this tendon (dense regular CT) which is mostly fibers and few cells. CELLS OF CT (all from mesoderm) FIBROBLASTS MESENCHYMAL CELLS ADIPOSE CELLS MACROPHAGE PLASMA CELLS MAST CELLS OTHERS Alternative slide 250 Slide 61: Terminal Ileum Eosinophils Fibroblasts Collagen Type I bunbles Alternative slide 250 Slide 61: Terminal Ileum 061 Lymphocytes Plasma cells Mast cell Alterative slide 242 Slide 40: Trachea Eosinophils Fibroblast Collagen Type I bundles Alterative slide 242 Slide 40: Trachea Lymphocyte Plasma cell Mast cell EM 33 Plasma cells are identified by their small, eccentrically placed nucleus with condensed, coarse chromatin clumps distributed peripherally in a characteristic radial pattern and one central mass. A prominent, clear area in the cytoplasm is adjacent to the nucleus. EM 35 & 56 040 040 Lymph node Macrophage Spleen Lamina propria Small intestinal villus Macrophages in lamina propria Function of macrophages Macrophages are attracted to inflammation sites. They function to ingest bacteria, dead cells, cell debris, and other foreign matter. Macrophages also enhance the immunologic activities of lymphocytes by acting as antigen-presenting cells. Slide 42: Lung (Cannon-Sampson stain for mast cells) intestine lung Mast cells Skin Epidermis Dermis Type I collagen fiber bundles composing dense irregular connective tissue Rete pegs Dermal papilla Fibroblasts & Adipocytes Epithelium is avascular and must get its nourishment (oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites) from that diffused through the blood capillaries located in the underlying connective tissue. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX - COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS BY FIBROBLASTS 061 EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX - TYPES OF COLLAGEN Type IV FIBROUS TYPE I - FIBER FORMING – MOST CT TYPE II - FIBRIL FORMING Type III HYALINE CARTILAGE AND VITREOUS BODY OF EYE TYPE III - RETICULAR NETWORK BRANCHING Type I EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX – COLLAGEN (Type I) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS – FLEXIBLE WITH HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH, CROSS LINKING OF FIBRIL ADDS STABILITY, AND RESIST COLLAGENASE DIGESTION EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX - GROUND SUBSTANCE PROTEOGLYCANS - GROUND SUBSTANCES HYALURONIC ACID GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS Ground substance is rich in Hyaluronic acid, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, water, ions, metabolites, and regularity molecules. EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX - GROUND SUBSTANCE The ground substance supports, surrounds, and binds all connective tissue cells and fibers. It facilitates the diffusion of oxygen, electrolytes, nutrients, fluids, metabolites, waste, and other water soluble molecules between connective tissue cells and blood vessels. The ground substance also acts as a barrier from pathogen invasion of the connective tissue. Slide 47: Spleen Dense irregular connective tissue capsule Slide 15: Tendon Dense regular connective tissue Fibroblasts Collagen Slide 45: Lymph node (reticular fiber stain) Reticular fibers Connective tissue capsule Lymphocyte cluster Slide 28: Aorta (Verhoff’s / Gomori trichrome stain) Elastic fibers Smooth muscle The presence of elastic fibers in the aorta (and other large arteries) allows for stretching and recoiling of these vessels during powerful blood ejections from the heart ventricles. Slide 33: Kidney (PAS stain) Ground substance Basement membrane Epithelial cells of tubules Slide 87: Umbilical cord (Gomori Trichrome) Umbilical arteries and vein Fibroblasts Mucus tissue with fine Serosa lining collagen fibers Umbilical arteries and vein are more similar in wall structure than is typical because the pressure is low compared to an adult. In this absence of high pressure, arteries lack the thick walls seen in adults and resemble veins. Adventitia or Serosa Digestive organs (oral cavity or upper esophagus) that lie outside the peritoneal cavity are covered by adventitia. The serosa covers organs that are located within the peritoneal cavity. adventitia The adventitia is provides direct, firm attachment to the body surrounding tissues/structures. The serosa is a serous membrane that consists of slick simple squamous epithelium called mesothelium and thin layers of underlying loose connective tissue. The adventitia facilitates a firmer attachment while the serosa allows more movement of the organs it covers by providing a slippery surface coating. Di Fiore serosa MESENCHYMAL CELLS Endothelial cells Smooth muscle cells Fibroblasts MESENCHYMAL CELLS Endothelial cells Smooth muscle cells Fibroblasts Clinical Correlation Mast cells and anaphylactic shock Mast cells are connective tissue cells that release granules that contain chemicals like histamine and heparin which act in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Clinical Correlation Mast cells and anaphylactic shock In a highly sensitized individual, a potentially fatal, dramatic immediate hypersensitivity reaction (anaphylactic shock) may occur. The reaction may be fatal because the chemicals released during anaphylactic shock may swell airways shut and cardiac effects may also occur.

Types of Connective Tissue

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