GENERAL PREFORMULATION CONSIDERATIONS Before making a medicinal preparation formula, several things must be considered, namely: 1.The dosage form to be made. - There are several choices of pharmaceutical dosage forms, namely solid forms (puyer,tablets, capsules, suppositories), semi-solid forms (ointments, pastes, creams) and liquid forms (solutions, suspensions, emulsions). - The choice of drug dosage form depends on: ophysico-chemical properties of the active substance used, namely solubility, particle size, hygroscopic properties, chemical reactions etc. *desired action of the drug, locally or systemically. For worklocalselected ointments, creams, lotions, powders. For worksystemic(distributed throughout the body by the blood) tablets, capsules, pulveres/puyer and syrup are selected. *the age of the user. For babies and children the pulveres and syrup forms are preferred. For adults, it is generally made in tablet or capsule form. 2.Additional drug ingredients to be used. Additional ingredients used in the formulation must be compatible (can be mixed) with the main medicinal ingredient (active substance) and other additional ingredients.Additional materials required for: -Obtain the desired dosage form (solution form, etc.). *For example: in tablet preparations, apart from the active substance, additional ingredients are used in the form of ingredientsfillerto increase the volume of tablets, ingredientsbinderfor gluing medicinal powders, ingredientsdestroyerto accelerate the breakdown of tablets in the stomach, and ingredientsthe salutatorianused to improve stability, control crushing and beautify the appearance of the tablet. *In the solution preparation, additional ingredients are used in the form of:solvent To dissolve medicinal ingredients, ingredients can also be added stabilizerto prevent the decomposition of medicinal substances, ingredients preservativeto prevent the growth of microbes, materials color and flavor giverto improve taste and appearanceproduct.Likewise for the preparation of ointments, pastes, creams and others. -Maintaining the stability of medicinal preparations (eg preservatives, suspenders, emulsifiers). -Maintaining the stability of active substances (eg: antioxidants). 3.Comfort when using. - Comfort when used is important to pay attention to because it willaffect drug user compliance. If medicine tastes bad then people will be reluctant to take it. -The unpleasant taste of the drug can be masked by additionscorrigens saporis, the unpleasant smell is covered withcorrigens odoris, and less attractive colors are covered withcorrigens coloris. -The bitter taste of certain drugs, for example Ampicillin and Amoxicillin, can be overcome by using the salt form, namely Ampicillin trihydrate and Amoxicillin trihydrate, which are not bitter. -Semi-solid preparations must meet the requirements, namely: smooth, easy to apply, not too sticky and not leave stains on clothes. 4.Stability of drug preparations. - During storage, the medicinal preparation must remain in a stable state, showing no signs of damage. Signs of damage that are commonly found in medicinal preparations include: changes in color, odor, taste, the appearance of crystals on the surface of tablets/caplets, separation of water and oil in cream/emulsion preparations. -To maintain the stability of drug preparations, it is necessary to: o addition of certain additional ingredients (for example: *preservatives). proper packaging. *providing instructions on correct storage methods. 5.Medicinal properties. To maintain the efficacy of the drug, you need to pay attention to: - Selection of dosage form. For example, if the active substance is unstable in water media, then it is not formulated in liquid form. The additional ingredients used must not reduce the efficacy of the active substances. Providing instructions on correct use. FORMULA OF SOME MEDICINE DOSAGE FORMS 3. TABLET FORMULA Active medicinal ingredients : 1% - 50% Medicinal additives : 50% - 90%, consisting of: Filler, binder, crusher, lubricant, lubricant, colorant, flavoring, coating. 4. OINTMENT FORMULA Active medicinal ingredients : 1% - 10% Medicinal additives : 90% - 99%, consists of: Ointment base, preservative, coloring. 3. CREAM FORMULA Active medicinal ingredients : 1% - 10% Medicinal additives : 90% - 99% consists of: Cream base, fragrance, preservative, coloring. 4. SUSPENSION FORMULA Active medicinal ingredients : 1% - 10% Medicinal additives : 90% - 99% consists of: Carrier/solvent, suspender, flavoring, preservative. 5. INJECTION FORMULA Active medicinal ingredients : 80% - 99% Medicinal additives : 1% - 20% consists of: Carrier, isotonic, preservative.