SOLUTION 1. Basic Competencies Students are able to carry out administrative reviews of recipes and pharmaceutical suitability as well as make solution preparations. 2. Practicum Objectives This practicum aims to introduce types of solution recipes and train practitioners to study recipes and make preparations into appropriate forms. 3. Description of Theory A solution is a preparation containing one or more soluble substances, usually in water as a solvent. The solution components consist of two substances, namely solvent(solvent) andsolute(solute). A solution occurs or is formed when the two components (solid and liquid) touch each other. A. Syrup Syrup is a liquid preparation in the form of a solution containing not less than 64% and not more than 66% sucrose. Making syrup, unless otherwise stated, is made as follows: make liquid for syrup, heat it, add sugar (if necessary, boil until dissolved).Depending on the physical and chemical properties of the medicinal ingredients, syrup is made in four ways, namely: 1. Solution/syrup with the help of heating (syrup components are not damaged or evaporated by heating) - Sugar and syrup are heated until a solution forms - Other components that are not heat resistant, are added to the hot syrup, immediately cooled, adding the desired volume - For volatile compounds (alcohol, essential oils) they are added last - Store in a tightly closed, brown container 2. Solution/syrup with the help of stirring, without heating (to avoid heat which stimulates sucrose inverse). This process takes longer but the product has maximum stability, for example ferrous sulfate syrup. 3. Adding sucrose to medicinal liquids/flavored liquids (for medicinal liquids such as tinctures/liquid extracts) - Mix the thick tincture/extract with water then let it separate then strain - The filtrate is taken (medicinal liquid) then add sucrose to this syrup preparation, for example sennae syrup. 4. Percolate sources of medicinal ingredients/sucrose, using a percolator, for example tolu balsam syrup and ipecae syrup. B. Elixir (Elixir) Elixir is a preparation in the form of a solution that has a pleasant taste and smell, contains medicinal ingredients and additional ingredients such as sweeteners, dyes, fragrances and preservatives, used as internal medicine. The main solvent for elixir preparations is alcohol (ethanol), to increase the solubility of the drug. Apart from that, glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol/sugar can be added. Characteristics of elixirs include: - Contains 5-10% alcohol - Sweet taste, not as sweet as syrup - The color corresponds to the aroma. Making the elixir is as follows: 1. Simple solution by stirring/mixing two or more liquid ingredients 2. For water-soluble components, dissolve in water. Alcohol-soluble components, dissolved in alcohol 3. This solution is added to the alcohol solution or vice versa 4. After mixing, increase the volume with the specified solvent or carrier C. Neutralization Neutralization is a drinking medicine made by mixing an acid with a base so that it becomes a neutral mixture (pH 7). The bases used are generally in the form of carbonate salts. CO gas2formed during the manufacturing process is completely removed. D. Saturation Saturation is a drinking medicine that is obtained by mixing a type of acid and carbonate salt which must be maintained so that the liquid contains CO gas.2which is saturated. Condition: - It should not contain insoluble materials in it, because they will precipitate. - Don't shake it because it will explode. - Generally to eliminate bloating in the stomach. E. Effervescens (Potio Effervescens) Potio Effervescens is a drug that contains CO gas2which is very or supersaturated compared to saturation.