Pharmaceutical Botanical Test Grid

PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANICAL Test GRID 1. Name five processes studied in plant physiology..... 2. Name and explain the differences in the division of plant physiology..... 3. Name the wavelength of light and its color..... 4. Name the 5 components of granum.... 5. Explain the differences between photosystems ....... 6. Write down the reactions that occur in the Light Cycle.... 7. What is meant by Z Scheme.... 8. Name the 2 pathways of Dark Reactions.... 9. What is meant by Growth and Development is... 10. Name and explain the different types of germination.... 11. Name and explain the function of hormones in plants.... 12. Respiration is ........ 13. Explain the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration.... 14. Name the stages of respiration.... 15. Name the factors that influence respiration.... Note : Learn Bright Reaction Images!! Answer 1.processes in plant physiology Photosynthesis Respiration Growth and development Plant nutrition Tropism 2. There are 4 divisions of plant physiology, namely: 1.plant physiology: study metabolic processes formation and development of the resulting organs 2. post-harvest physiology: studying the resulting organs after the organs have been harvested. It is catabolic, namely the breakdown of large molecular compounds into small molecular compounds. 3.ecophysiology: emphasizes abiotic influences The influence of light intensity, the influence of lighting, light quality, temperature, humidity, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil. 4. Seed physiology: studying the stages of seed germination Imbibition process, enzyme reactivation, decomposition of stored material, and radicle growth. 3.wavelength of light Red light: (610 – 700) Yellow green: (510 – 600) Blue light: (410 – 500) Violet light: (<400 nm) Visible light: (380 – 70 4. Granum Components Proteins Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Karetonoid LIFID 5. Differences in photosystems Photosystems are divided into 2, namely: Photosystem I and Photosystem II PHOTOSYSTEM I: Absorption of light energy is carried out by chlorophyll a which is sensitive to light with a wavelength of 700nm. So chlorophyll a is also called p700 PHOTOSYSTEM II: Absorption of light energy is carried out by chlorophyll a which is sensitive to a wavelength of 680nm so it is called p680 6. Reaction to light reaction Rays + ADP + Pi + NADP+ + 2H2O → ATP + NADPH + 3H+ + O2 7. understanding the Z scheme Scheme Z is that electrons, namely pheoptin, go through a process called photoinduced energy separation and these electrons are transferred through an electron transport circuit. 8. Dark reaction calvin benson cycle Slack hatch line 9. understanding development and growth Growth is the process of increasing cell volume, an irreversible increase in cell size (cannot be reversed) due to mitotic division or cell enlargement. Growth can be measured quantitatively. Development is the specialization of cells into certain structures and functions, development can be measured qualitatively expressed by changes in shape and level of maturity. 10. Differences in types of germination Based on the location of the cotyledons there are 2: Epigeal Type: This type occurs if the plumules (future leaves) and cotyledons appear above the soil surface Hypogeal type: this type occurs if the plumule (future leaf) appears above the soil surface, while the cotyledons remain in the soil 11. function of hormones in plants Auxin Hormone Stimulates cell elongation Stimulates shoot dominance Stimulates flower and fruit formation Gibberalline Stimulates stem growth (bolting/giant plants) Stimulates germination of seeds and shoots Stimulates the development of seedless fruit (parthenocarpy) Cytokinin hormone Stimulates cell division and organ formation Delays aging Stimulates the development of side buds Asbysate Hormone (ABA) Inhibits shoot growth Dormancy iji Stimulates the shedding of leaves, flowers and fruit Ethylene hormone Accelerates fruit ripening Stimulates discharge Stimulates senescence and leaf shedding Traumalin Acid Stimulates the formation of new tissue in the injured area Kalin Rhizocalin, stimulates root growth Phylocalin, stimulates leaf growth Kaulokalin, stimulates stem growth Anthokalin, stimulates flower growth 12. Definition of respiration Respiration is the oxidation reaction of organic compounds to produce energy that is used for cell activities and plant life in the form of ATP or high-energy compounds. 13. Difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration 14. stages of respiration Glycolysis Intermediate reactions/preparations Citric acid cycle ( skreb cycle) Electron transfer 15. factors that influence respiration 1. Internal factors age, tissue or organ type, growth form Age mattersrespiration rate, where young cells or tissue mature faster than adults due to metabolic activity, which requires energy and carbon skeletons for growth Meristem tissuehigher respiration rate than others, because the nature of the tissue plays a role in forming new cells so it requires a lot of material and energy, therefore a high respiration rate is required 2. External Factors oxygen concentration: if the O2 concentration is low then the respiration rate is low, this happens if the roots are inundated with water (flooding) Temperature : If the temperature rises to 100 C, the enzyme reaction rate increases 2-3 times, the higher the temperature, the faster the respiration rate decreases. Light : Light indirectly affects respiration due to substrate availability Salt content: Tissue or plants transferred from water to a salt solution will show increased respiration Mechanical stimulation: Shaking leaves indicates increased respiration Wound : The occurrence of an injury in a part causes respiration in that place to increase Carbon dioxide: High CO2 levels will inhibit respiration