Human Growth and Development Lecture Part 8 | The University of Texas at San Antonio

University:
The University of Texas at San Antonio
Course:
PSY 2503 | Developmental Psychology
Academic year:

2021
Views:

16

Pages:

8
Author:

folclord7m

Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages •Stage 1: Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year) •Stage 2: Autonomy versus shame and doubt (1-3 yrs.) •Stage 3: Initiative versus guilt (3-6 yrs.) •Stage 4: Industry versus inferiority (6-11 yrs.) •Stage 5: Identify versus role confusion (puberty) •Stage 6: Intimacy versus isolation (young adult) •Stage 7: Generative versus self-absorption and stagnation (middle age) •Stage 8: Integrity versus despair (old age) Perspectives on Adult Development • Aging changes come more slowly as people continue to develop new abilities to adapt to shifting environments. Quilting keeps this older adult active Cognitive Developmental Theory • Jean Piaget’s four stages: • Period I: Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years) • Period II: Preoperational (2 to 6 years) • Period III: Concrete operations (6 to 12 years) • Period IV: Formal operations (12 years to adulthood) Moral Developmental Theory • Attempts to define how moral reasoning matures for an individual • Refers to changes in a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that influence the perception of right or wrong • Kohlberg’s moral developmental theory • Moral reasoning develops in stages. • Six stages in three levels Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development • Level I: Preconventional reasoning, when children ask “why?” • Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation: Children view illness as a punishment. • Stage 2: Instrumental Relativist Orientation • Level II: Conventional reasoning, when moral reasoning is based on internalization of societal and others’ expectations • Stage 3: Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation • Stage 4: Society-Maintaining Orientation Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development (Cont.) • Level III: Postconventional reasoning occurs when a person finds a balance between basic human rights and obligations and societal rules and regulations • Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation • Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation, where right is defined by the decision of conscience in accord with self-chosen ethical principles • Kohlberg’s critics Growth and Development Theorists  Freudian theory posits that the adult personality is the result of moving successfully from one psychosexual stage to the next, and that failure to resolve conflicts or being fixed in any of the psychosexual stages results in personality problems.  Erikson’s theory includes eight stages of psychosocial development; each stage has a unique crisis that builds on the tasks of the previous stage. Successful resolution of the crisis at each stage leads to psychosocial growth and development. Growth and Development Theorists  Piaget’s theory on cognitive development is based on how an individual acquires knowledge, intellect, and cognition over time.  Kohlberg believed that children progressively develop moral reasoning as they gain the ability to think logically and contended that moral development continued throughout the lifespan.