Endocrine System Physiology: Activity 1: Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly. 1. Which of the following statements about metabolism is false? You correctly answered: d. All of the energy from metabolism is ultimately stored in the chemical bonds of ATP. 2. Thyroxine is You correctly answered: c. the most important hormone for maintaining the metabolic rate and body temperature. 3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is You correctly answered: b. produced in the pituitary gland. 4. An injection of TSH to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: d. goiter development 5. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is You correctly answered: a. secreted by the hypothalamus. 6. Which of the following statements is true? You correctly answered: b. The hypothalamus primarily secretes tropic hormones that stimulate the secretion of other hormones. Experiment Results Predict Question: Predict Question 1: Make a prediction about the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the remaining rats compared with the BMR of the normal rat you just measured. Your answer : b. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat's BMR will be higher than the normal rat's BMR. Predict Question 2: What do you think will happen after you inject thyroxine into the three rats? Your answer : a. The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter. Predict Question 3: What do you think will happen after you inject TSH into the three rats? Your answer : c. The injection will have no effect on the hypophysectomized rat and, therefore, it will not develop a goiter. Predict Question 4: Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a drug that inhibits the production of thyroxine by blocking the attachment of iodine to tyrosine residues in the follicle cells of the thyroid gland (iodinated tyrosines are linked together to form thyroxine). What do you think will happen after you inject PTU into the three rats? Your answer : a. The normal rat will become hyperthyroidic and develop a goiter. Stop & Think Questions: 1h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 426 ml O2/hr 1i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 106.5 ml O2/kg/hr 2h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 384 ml O2/hr 2i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1573.8 ml O2/kg/hr 3h. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 378 ml O2/hr 3i. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 1542.9 ml O2/kg/hr Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800). The normal rat is You correctly answered: b. euthyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800). The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800). The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid 4c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 426 ml O2/hr 4d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 1704 ml O2/kg/hr 5c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 384 ml O2/hr 5d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 1573.77 ml O2/kg/hr 6c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 378 ml O2/hr 6d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 1542.86 ml O2/kg/hr Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection. The normal rat is Your answer : b. euthyroid Correct answer: c. hyperthyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is Your answer : a. hypothyroid Correct answer: c. hyperthyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the thyroxine injection. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is You correctly answered: c. hyperthyroid Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with thyroxine (select all that apply)? You correctly answered: d. None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection. 7c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 378 ml O2/hr 7d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 1704 ml O2/kg/hr 8c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 384 ml O2/hr 8d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 1573 ml O2/kg/hr 9c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 378 ml O2/hr 9d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 1542.86 ml O2/kg/hr Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection. The normal rat is You correctly answered: c. hyperthyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the TSH injection. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is Your answer : a. hypothyroid Correct answer: c. hyperthyroid Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with TSH (select all that apply)? Your answer: d. None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection. Correct answer: a. the normal rat c. the hypophysectomized rat 10c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 426 ml O2/hr 10d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 1704 ml O2/kg/hr 11c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 384 ml O2/hr 11d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 1573 ml O2/kg/hr 12c. Calculate the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat using the following equation. ml O2 consumed/1 minute x 60 minutes/hour = ml O2/hour Enter the oxygen consumption per hour in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report. You answered: 378 ml O2/hr 12d. Now that you have calculated the oxygen consumption per hour for this rat, you can calculate the metabolic rate per kilogram of body weight with the following equation (note that you need to convert the weight data from grams to kilograms to use this equation). Metabolic rate = (ml O2/hr)/(weight in kg) = ml O2/kg/hr Enter the metabolic rate in the field below and then click Submit Data to display your results in the Lab Report.  You answered: 1542 ml O2/kg/hr Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection. The normal rat is You did not answer this question. Correct answer: a. hypothyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection. The thyroidectomized (Tx) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid Judging from their basal metabolic rates (an indicator of thyroid function), categorize the rats as hypothyroid (low thyroid levels; BMR below 1600), euthyroid ("good," or normal, thyroid levels; BMR = 1650-1750), or hyperthryoid (high thyroid levels; BMR above 1800) after the PTU injection. The hypophysectomized (Hypox) rat is You correctly answered: a. hypothyroid Which of the rats developed a goiter after injection with PTU (select all that apply)? Your answer : d. None of the rats developed a goiter with this injection. Correct answer: a. the normal rat Experiment Data: Rat Weight (g) ml O2/min ml O2/hr Normal Tx Hypox Normal Tx Hypox Normal Tx Hypox Normal Tx Hypox 250 244 245 250 244 245 250 244 245 250 244 245 7.1 6.4 6.3 7.1 6.4 6.3 7.1 6.4 6.3 7.1 6.4 6.3 426.00 384.00 378.00 426.00 384.00 378.00 426.00 384.00 378.00 426.00 384.00 378.00 BMR (ml O2/kg/hr) 1704.00 1573.77 1542.86 1704.00 1573.77 1542.86 1704.00 1573.77 1542.86 1704.00 1573.77 1542.86 Palpation Injected No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass No Mass none none none none none none none none none none none none Post-lab Quiz Results You scored 100% by answering 7 out of 7 questions correctly. 1. How would you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functions like a "normal" animal? You correctly answered: c. Provide the animal T4 supplements. 2. As a result of the missing hormone(s) in the hypophysectimized rat, what would be some expected symptoms? You correctly answered: d. decreased basal metabolic rate 3. An injection of thyroxine to an otherwise normal rat will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: b. hyperthyroidism 4. Why didn't any of the rats develop a goiter after thyroxine injection? You correctly answered: a. In all cases, TSH levels were not elevated by the thyroxine injection. 5. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the TSH injection? You correctly answered: c. The TSH receptors on the thyroid gland were excessively stimulated. 6. An injection of propylthiouracil to an otherwise normal animal will cause which of the following? You correctly answered: b. goiter development 7. Why did the normal rat develop a palpable goiter with the propylthiouracil injection? You correctly answered: d. The injection decreased the negative feedback mechanism on TSH. Review Sheet Results 1. Part 1: Determining the Basal Metabolic Rates Which rat had the fastest basal metabolic rate (BMR)? Your answer: The normal rat with thyroxine. 2. Why did the metabolic rates differ between the normal rat and the surgically altered rats? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: My prediction was wrong, the surgically altered rats have a fucntioning thyroid gland 3. If an animal has been thyroidectomized, what hormone(s) would be missing in its blood? Your answer: Thyroxine 4. If an animal has been hypophysectomized, what effect would you expect to see in the hormone levels in its body? Your answer: Decreased metabolic rate because of no thyroxine production 5. Part 2: Determining the Effect of Thyroxine on Metabolic Rate What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the normal rat's BMR? Your answer: I was wrong, the TX rat had an increased BMR and the does was too large for it 6. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? Your answer: I was wrong, the hypophysectimized rat increased, therefore making it hyperthyrodic. The does ended up being to high. 7. What was the effect of thyroxine injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of thyroxine in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? Your answer: The hypophysectimized rat increased, therefore making it hyperthyrodic. The does ended up being to high. 8. Part 3: Determining the Effect of TSH on Metabolic Rate What was the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) injections on the normal rat's BMR? Your answer: Overstimulation of the thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine increased BMR 9. What was the effect of TSH injections on the thyroidectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Why was this effect observed? Your answer: It had no effect on the throidectimized rat BMR. It is lower than normal rat because there was no thyroid to be stimulated 10. What was the effect of TSH injections on the hypophysectomized rat's BMR? How does the BMR in this case compare with the normal rat's BMR? Was the dose of TSH in the syringe too large, too small, or just right? Your answer: It increased BMR because the thyroid was stimulated by TSH. This made the rat hypothyroidic and similar to the effect of the normal rat. The dose was too large thats why it cause that.