University:
University of Memphis
Course:
ENGL 2045 | Introduction to Literature
Academic year:

2024
Views:

57

Pages:

3
Author:

Esmeralda Mooney

(a) the scientific and philosophical revolution , (b) the cultural and theological revolution, (c) the political and democratic revolution, and (d) the technological and industrial revolution. the moribund nature of the Ottoman government and its relative decline economically, the spread of nationalism in the Balkans; the attempts to revive Turkey by the ‘New Ottomans’ and ‘Young Turk’, the German attempts to generate a sphere of influence in the Middle East, the impact of the Balkan wars. 1912 A national uprising against rule in Albania launches a full-scale Balkan War. Turkey, beset by troubles elsewhere, cedes to Italy her north African province of Libya. An Albanian uprising against the Ottoman empire is so successful that the Albanians are able to capture Skopje in Macedonia. By a prearranged pan Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia together launch the First Balkan War against Turkey. 1913 Bulgaria launches Second Balkan War, in the end to the great detriment of Bulgarian interest. The Balkan states and the Ottoman empire agree an armistice in Bucharest, ending the Second Balkan War. A coup led by Enver Pasha brings the Young Turks to power in Istanbul. 1914 Germany and the Ottoman empire sign a secret treaty of alliance. Turkey, launches an attach on Russian ports in the Black Sea, enters the war on the German side. Russia declares war on the Ottoman empire. Britain and France declare war on the Ottoman Empire. 1916 Sharif Hussein, the emir of Makkah, proclaims himself the leader of the Muslim world, thus launching an Arab revolt against the Ottoman empire. 1918 an armistice was signed between Turkey and the Allies on the warship Agamemnon in the Greek port of Mudros. 1920 A punitive peace treaty, negotiated at Sevres, is designed to dismember the Ottoman empire. The Sultan of Turkey signs the Treaty of Sevres with the Allies but it is rejected by the new nationalist government. 1922 The nationalist government in Turkey abolishes the sultanate and the last Ottoman emperor, Mehmed VI, goes into exile. 1923 The Treaty of Lausanne, with more favorable terms than those negotiated at Sevres, finally bring peace between Turkey and the Allies. Turkey becomes a republic with Ataturk as president and Ankara as its new capital.