Psychology Unit D Exam

PSYCHOLOGY 2024-25 Unit D Exam 1. Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj’s having developed which of the following for door opening? (A) Accommodation (B) Object permanence (C) A mental set (D) Divergent thinking 2. Chuck recalls the day last summer when he fell off his bicycle and scraped his knee. This is an example of (A) iconic memory (B) procedural memory (C) semantic memory (D) episodic memory 3. Darnayia has been seeing a lot of social media ads about an exciting new sports simulation game. While several of her friends say that the game is their ideal example of a video game, others who have played the game complain that it was too expensive and not as fun as they expected. Darnayia buys the game. When her mother asks her why she chose that game, Darnayia only mentions the advice she heard about the game was the best one they’ve ever played. Which of the following cognitive processes explains why Darnayia can justify her purchase of the expensive game and ignore her concerns over the cost? (A) Mental set (B) Schemas (C) Priming (D) Confirmation bias 4. Maeve wants to change her college major but has decided not to because she is close to finishing. She believes that the time she has spent in her current program will be wasted if she changes now. Maeve is experiencing (A) hindsight bias (B) availability bias (C) the sunk-cost fallacy (D) the self-serving bias 5. Denny does not have wrapping paper to use to wrap a birthday present, and so he decides to use colorful newspaper comics instead. Denny’s solution demonstrates that he has overcome (A) functional fixedness (B) the fundamental attribution error (C) cognitive dissonance (D) egocentrism 6. Creativity is most closely associated with which of the following? 2024-25 Unit D Exam (A) Convergent thinking (B) Divergent thinking (C) Interpersonal intelligence (D) Intrapersonal intelligence 7. Jim has seen reports of a number of cases of Ebola on the news. He is more afraid of contracting Ebola than tuberculosis, even though the risk of infection of tuberculosis is greater than that of Ebola. Jim’s fear would most likely be attributed to (A) the representative heuristic (B) the availability heuristic (C) an illusory correlation (D) functional fixedness 8. There are four aces in a 52-card deck of playing cards. Prior to drawing a card from the deck, Mary Alice estimates the chance that she will draw an ace and win a prize. Over a series of trials, she did not draw an ace, so she replaced the card she had drawn, shuffled the deck, and drew a card. The graph above shows her estimates of how likely it was that she would draw an ace on the next trial. The pattern of Mary Alice’s thinking reflects what psychological phenomenon? (A) Mental set (B) Flynn effect (C) Availability heuristic (D) Gambler’s fallacy 2024-25 Unit D Exam 9. Heidi was trying to solve the anagram TORYS by rearranging every letter one at a time until she was able to identify the correct word: STORY. She could have attempted to solve the anagram more quickly by pairing common letters, like ST, but she did not do so. Her approach to solving the anagram involved which of the following? (A) Heuristic (B) Algorithm (C) Schema assimilation (D) Convergent thinking 10. Hillary glances at a graph and then turns her head away less than a second later. When she tries to immediately remember what she saw, which of the following types of memory does Hillary use? (A) Iconic (B) Declarative (C) Implicit (D) Echoic 11. While he is at soccer practice, Erwin reminds himself that he has to stop at the grocery store on the way home to pick up milk and cereal for tomorrow’s breakfast. What sort of memory is Erwin using? (A) Prospective (B) Flashbulb (C) Procedural (D) Semantic 12. 13. Which of the following scenarios is best explained by long-term potentiation? (A) Erik and Harry don’t like each other when they are first assigned to the same a room during a class trip, but after spending a great deal of time together, they begin to like each other more. (B) When Sruthi first enters a dark room after coming in from outside, she can’t see anything, but her eyes adjust after a few minutes. (C) At first, Benjamin needs to drink only a small amount of a caffeinated beverage to feel its effects, but after drinking it regularly for a while, he needs more to feel the same effects. (D) The first time Colleen tries to remember Leo’s name it takes her a long time, but over time she remembers it more quickly. A man sustains a head injury. After the injury, he is able to tie his shoes, but he does not recall where he lives. Which aspect of the man’s memory is intact and which aspect is dysfunctional, respectively? (A) Procedural and semantic (B) Procedural and sensory (C) Episodic and procedural (D) Episodic and semantic 2024-25 Unit D Exam 14. Josie was given a password by her teacher. To remember the password, she repeated it in her mind multiple times until she typed it into her login screen a few moments later. Which of the following concepts was at work? (A) Divergent thinking (B) Iconic memory (C) Phonological loop (D) Visuospatial sketchpad 15. When Sophie reads her history assignments, she goes over them very carefully and tries to memorize each fact. Emma, on the other hand, studies by trying to relate the new information to things she has experienced, been told about by others, or seen in movies and on television. Emma’s performance on history tests will probably be better than Sophie’s due to differences in which of the following? (A) selective attention (B) levels of processing (C) iconic memory (D) chunking 16. Matt finds that when he is doing chores around his home, he can listen to an audiobook and still remember what the story was about. However, when his friends texts him about their plans for the weekend, he realizes that he has to rewind his audiobook because he forgot was the story was about. Which of the following accurately describes the level of processing Matt experiencing for doing chores around his home? (A) Automatic (B) Top-down (C) Bottom-up (D) Opponent 17. Robyn finds a computer repair service online. She silently repeats the phone number in her mind until she locates her phone to call the repair service. Which memory system is most useful for Robyn in this scenario? (A) Superior autobiographical memory (B) Working memory (C) Sensory memory (D) Long-term memory 18. Jalil goes to a party where he meets several new people. When he tells his brother about it the next day, he can only remember the names of the last 3 people that he met. Which of the following memory concepts best describes Jalil's memory for the names of the people at the party? (A) Primacy effect (B) Recency effect (C) Spacing effect (D) Law of effect