University:
University of North Carolina Wilmington
Course:
PSY 105 | General Psychology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

107

Pages:

2
Author:

Jithin J I

THE ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN MOTOR LEARNING I. Introduction  Feedback plays a crucial role in motor learning.  Two types of feedback: Intrinsic (internal) and Extrinsic (external).  Intrinsic feedback, like kinesthetic or tactile sensory feedback, is often imprecise in the early stages of learning.  Extrinsic feedback, from sources like coaches or technical mediums, can help reduce information deficits and aid in solving movement tasks. II. The Guidance Hypothesis  The "guidance hypothesis" posits that extrinsic feedback supports learners in successfully completing tasks.  However, excessive reliance on extrinsic feedback can lead to neglecting intrinsic information.  This dependency on external guidance can hinder the development of error detection mechanisms, resulting in reduced performance when extrinsic feedback is unavailable. III. Effective Feedback Delay  An optimal feedback delay of about 5–30 seconds is recommended.  Immediate feedback can prevent the processing of intrinsic feedback.  Longer delays, exceeding 30 seconds, may lead to the fading of intrinsic feedback from short-term memory, making it difficult to compare with extrinsic information. IV. Feedback Valence  Extrinsic feedback can have positive or negative valence.  Valence is influenced by the learner's aspirations and the type of feedback.  Positive valence feedback is associated with reinforcement learning, while negative valence feedback increases attention-dependent processes to reduce errors.  Cognitive involvement triggered by negative valence feedback may limit motor automatization. V. Case Study: "Less Is More!"  Experimental studies show that high availability of extrinsic feedback positively influences acquisition performance.  However, retention performance benefits from reduced feedback frequency.  Frequent error feedback can limit motor automatization and the development of error detection mechanisms. Key Takeaways  Feedback is crucial in motor learning, but an excessive reliance on external guidance can hinder skill development.  An optimal feedback delay is essential to balance intrinsic and extrinsic feedback.  Feedback valence, whether positive or negative, influences learning and motor automatization.  Balancing feedback frequency is critical for effective motor learning, with reduced frequency promoting error detection mechanisms.  Cognitive involvement induced by negative valence feedback can limit motor automatization.