FIT BCBA Mock Exam Guide

FIT BCBA Mock Exam Due to a parent only implementing punishment procedures, she finds that her son begins to avoid her. Which of the following best explains this effect? A) The parent became a discriminative stimulus for negative reinforcement. B B) The parent became a conditioned aversive stimulus. C) The parent elicited emotional responses. D) The parent became an unconditioned aversive stimulus. When teaching a client to engage in recreational activities, which of the following strategies is the least likely to be used when programming for maintenance? A) Set a behavior trap for the leisure skills that are targeted by the plan. D B) Ensure that there is sufficient contact with reinforcement from the start. C) Assess the performance of the skill after instruction has ended. D) Use a CRF schedule to reinforce until the activity is no longer preferred. Don is a BCBA with a license in Marriage and Family Therapy. Don provides both behavior analysis and marriage therapy to his clients. He is considering hiring a behavior specialist that has no training in Marriage and Family Therapy. Of the following, which is best practice? B A) Don should only hire behavior analysts that also have a background in marriage and family therapy, then provide supervision as needed. B) Ensure that the new employee only engages in behavior analytic practice. Supervise the new employee only regarding the practice of ABA. C) 1 / 62 Teach the new employee the techniques required to do marriage therapy and family therapy, if that's what the client needs. Supervise the employee. D) Teach and supervise the new employee on both behavior analytic practice and marriage and family therapy. Ensure that the client receives the treatment(s) they need. Of the following procedures, which is likely the best generative instruction strategy? A) A teacher shows her students the formulas for determining every geometric shape in the text, and assesses the student's ability to remember the formulas. C B) A student is taught to match a picture of a car to a picture of a car, then is taught to match a picture of an apple to a picture of an apple. The student's matching skills are assessed. C) A student is taught the sounds that each letter and common letter blends make, then the student is assessed on his ability to form and pronounce untaught combinations of those letters. D) A teacher develops a stack of flash cards with whole words on them, and teaches his students to fluently respond correctly to each card, when the card is presented. A loud noise elicits the activation syndrome. In the past, a bright light has been paired with a loud noise. Now, a bright light elicits the activation syndrome. What type of relation is this? A) CS-CR A B) US-UR C) S-R-S D) A-B-C 2 / 62 Trina reviewed a video recording of a student 3 times, and took data on the student's eye contact using a stopwatch, each time she counted 17 seconds. The client actually engaged in 23 seconds of eye contact. The fact that these two numbers don't match is because Trina's measurements lack: A) Reliability D B) Treatment integrity C) Validity D) Accuracy Data indicate no progress for a client; however, other members of a school interdisciplinary team state the client seems happy and that the intervention plan should not change. What is the best course of action for the behavior analyst to take? A) Continue to make treatment suggestions and decisions based on data. A B) Maintain confidentiality when reporting ethical violations to the principal. C) Tell the team members how to use the current data to guide treatment decision making. D) Independently implement programs using data to guide intervention decisions. Which of the following is a core feature of precision teaching? A) Teachers graph student performance on equal-interval graphs improving the speed and accuracy of teaching decisions. D B) Teachers use scripts and choral responding to better identify exactly which students are and are not meeting mastery objectives. C) Students move through curricula as they demonstrate mastery of academic skills by achieving at least 90% on any particular skill. 3 / 62 D) Teaching decisions are continuously made based upon data that is graphed immediately following student performance. Shirley is working with a two-year-old client, Maura. She is teaching Maura to put the square shape in the square hole. According to the table, how long did it take Maura to reach criterion? Criterion = 3 consecutive correct responses 1+ 2- 3+ 4+ 5- 6+ 7- 8+ 9- 10- 11+ 12+ 13+ 14+ 15+ A) 4 trials C B) 15 trials C) 13 trials D) 3 trials Basma wants her student to correctly tact as many pictures as possible from a very large array of pictures. Of the following, which best describes a free-operant arrangement? A) Basma places all of the cards face up on a table at the same time, asks the student to name them, and counts tacts per minute. A B) Basma individually presents the cards while asking the student to name them, corrects errors, and collects data on accuracy as a count. C) Basma models the correct response, waits for the student to respond, reinforces successive approximations, and collects data on number correct. D) Basma individually presents the cards while asking the student to name them, corrects errors, and collects data on accuracy as a percentage. 4 / 62 If Alex is using a shaping procedure to teach Lauren to use the complete ASL sign to mand for water, what would the procedure look like? A) Alex makes the sign for water, then gives Lauren water when she makes the sign. Over time, Alex stops making the sign and only provides water when Lauren independently does so. B B) Alex gives Lauren water contingent upon a modified sign. Over time, Alex only provides water as each sign attempt becomes more like the real sign for water. C) Alex points to the picture of water and gives Lauren water after Lauren does a modified sign for water. Over time, Alex only provides water after fading the picture from the environment. D) Alex manually prompts Lauren to do the sign and gives her water. Over time, Alex only gives assistance as needed, providing water at each success. A behavior analyst has just accepted the case of a 7 year old girl with behavioral and gastro-intestinal problems after determining that the case is within her level of competence and resources. Now that she has accepted the case, there are a few things she should do first. Which of the following should the behavior analyst NOT attempt to do first? A) Conduct a functional analysis. A B) Ask the client's guardians if she has been evaluated by a medical doctor C) Review the client's old behavior plans and records D) Conduct a functional assessment interview When teaching a person to tact a cookie, which of the following is likely the best description of a possible tact training procedure? D A) Deliver training only when the student has not had cookies for at least several hours. B) Deliver praise and a bite of the cookie after the emission of the word "cookie." 5 / 62 C) Deliver praise after the emission of the word "cookie" when there is no cookie in sight. D) Deliver praise after the emission of the word "cookie" when there is a cookie in sight. Across three days, there was low IOA on data collected during a new procedure implemented with a student. For the student's behavior measured by two observers, agreement was calculated at 40%, 50%, and 45% for each respective day. What could be a potential issue? A) The definition of the target behavior is unclear. A B) The description of the teaching procedure is unclear. C) The student being observed is not consistently engaging in the targeted response. D) Percentages are dimensionless and shouldn't be used in behavior analysis. To assess if treatment drift has occurred, which of the following is least likely to be effective? A) Repeatedly review the recordings of half the randomly selected treatment sessions, and measure if the treatment was followed as prescribed in just the selected recordings. D B) Develop a data collection form that describes all acceptable variations of the treatment and related environmental events, so the data can quickly be marked on the form. C) Arrange for two independent observers to observe at least 1/3 of the treatment sessions and measure the delivery of the treatment compared to how it was originally prescribed. D) Conduct a functional analysis of the treatment delivery and determine which antecedents and consequences maintain both correct and incorrect implementation of the treatment. 6 / 62 Tommy's mom says he eats his food quickly: He takes 12 bites of food per minute. What would be the estimated average IRT? A) 0.2 minutes D B) 12 bites/minute C) 1 bite/5 seconds D) 5 seconds Of the following descriptions, which describes a typical preliminary assessment of a potential client's behavior? A) The behavior analyst uses direct assessment and systematic manipulation of antecedents an consequences to determine functional relationships. C B) The behavior analyst conducts a literature review of the problem behavior, and determines the likely functions of the behavior based on scientific research. C) The behavior analyst uses indirect assessments such as interviews, questionnaires, and record reviews to assess problem behavior. D) The behavior analyst uses direct assessments to assess a problem behavior by directly observing antecedents, behaviors and consequences. The caregivers of a child are convinced that punishment will be necessary to reduce their child's self injurious behavior (SIB). Which of the following punishment strategies is likely the best? A) Each time the child engages in SIB, present the punisher, but also allow the child to contact the reinforcer that maintains the SIB. C B) Before the child engages in SIB, use an NCR schedule to decrease the frequency of the self-injurious behavior. C) Each time the child engages in SIB, present the punisher, while differentially reinforcing each instance of an alternative response. 7 / 62 D) Each time the child engages in SIB, present the punisher, and continue the punishment procedure until the behavior is extinguished. A student with a history of problem behavior is transitioning from a special education classroom into a regular education classroom. Which of the following actions would be the best for a BCBA to take? A) Train the teacher to provide reinforcement to the student and peers for pro-social behavior. A B) Create an emergency backup restraint plan and train staff and teacher to implement it in the new classroom. C) Inform the student's new teacher and peers about the student's disabilities and relevant behavior programs. D) Train the teacher and peers to competency on avoiding all situations that may evoke problem behavior. Two treatments, DRA by-itself and DRA + punishment, both resulted in some reduction in Katy's problem behavior. However, in all prefence assessments, Katy chose the treatment with the punishment component, as it had a slightly greater reduction. What should the behavior analyst primarily consider? A) Incorporate the DRA into the intervention after using punishment. B B) Use punishment and DRA as the intervention. C) Continue using the DRA by-itself without punishment. D) Use punishment by-itself as the intervention. 8 / 62 Based on the data shown, what strategy might produce the best result for teaching the client to mand for water? Frequency of Sounds per Session "Wa" - Home 8, school 6, other 3 "Da"- home 3 "Mama"- home 15 "Ba"- Home 8, School 2 A A) Shape the vocalization from "wa" to "water." B) Shaping from the sign "W" to the sign "water." C) Shape the vocalization from "water" to "I want water." D) Model "I want water" and provide water after imitation. Shelley is a classroom teacher with 30 students. She has an aide who assists 2-3 times per week, for half of the day. There are 3 students in the class who are struggling with word acquisition, and Shelley has one intervention she believes will work for all of them. Which design would be the most practical to use to implement and analyze the effects of the intervention? A) Non-concurrent multiple baseline across subjects C B) Multiple baseline design across behaviors C) Multiple probe design across subjects D) Multiple baseline design across subjects After the teacher says, "Ok, class is out," a student continues to remain at his desk for 2 minutes before he gets up and packs his bag. It takes him 2 minutes to gather his books, 3 minutes to put them in his backpack, and 1 minute to walk back to his desk and take a seat. What is this student's latency of packing relative to the announcement? A A) 2 minutes B) 6 minutes 9 / 62 C) 8 minutes D) 3 minutes Of the following which is the best definition of selectionism? A) Responses become extinct as a result of the environment no longer selecting them. C B) Organisms select traits that help them survive, and as a result change over time. C) Life evolves as a result of selection with respect to function. D) Responses are naturally selected by evocative antecedent stimuli. Christina puts a toy in front of Judy on 15 different occasions. Judy approached the toy on 10 occasions and just walked away on 3 occasions. Given the opportunity, what percent of occurrence did Judy not approach the toy? A) 87% B B) 33% C) 20% D) 67% Josh has several treatments he thinks would be effective to teach pro-social behavior. After taking baseline data, what is one way he can systematically arrange the treatments to determine which one(s) has an effect on behavior? B A) He can implement one treatment and require a targeted response rate. Once the criterion is met, change treatments and require a new response rate. B) He can implement one of the treatments for several sessions until the response reaches a steady state, return to baseline, and repeat for all of the treatments. 10 / 62 C) He can implement all of the treatments at the same time across several different settings. D) He can rapidly alternate several different responses and match a treatment to each response. Raj rarely complies with Loukia's request to pick up his coat. However, Loukia was able to teach Raj to point and give high-fives by reinforcing with praise. Which of the following procedures could Loukia implement to increase Raj's compliance with her request using behavior momentum? A) Tell Raj to pick up his coat, and when he does she immediately praises that and asks him to give her a high-five; when he gives her a high five, Loukia immediately asks Raj to point to the TV, then she praises his pointing immediately. C B) Tell Raj to point to the TV, and when he complies she immediately asks him to pick up the coat. When Raj picks up the coat she immediately asks Raj to give her a high-five, and gives lots of extra praise when he complies. C) Tell Raj to give her a high-five, and when he does, she praises that, then immediately tells Raj to point to the TV; when he points to the TV she praises that, then immediately tells Raj to pick up his coat and gives extra praise when he complies. D) Tell Raj that she'll give him a lot of praise if he picks up the coat; if Raj complies with Loukia's request to pick up the coat, then after he also points to objects and/or gives high-fives, she strengthens those responses with intermittent reinforcement. What experimental design should be used if a BCBA wants to test whether a specific consequence is a reinforcer for hand-raising in a classroom and the teacher is willing to remove an effective intervention for a few days to make that determination? A) Multiple baseline design D B) Changing criterion design C) Alternating treatments design D) Reversal design 11 / 62 Which of the following areas of behavior analysis have the primary function of developing, training and implementing behavior plans? A) Experimental analysis of behavior D B) Applied behavior analysis C) Conceptual analysis of behavior D) Behavioral service delivery Of the following, which would likely be the least acceptable method for maintaining a client's behavior in a particular setting? A) Recruit the manager of the local grocery store to give assistance, if necessary, to the client when the client is purchasing items in the store. C B) Teach the parents of a child how to use intermittent reinforcement to maintain the adaptive behaviors that were targeted in the behavioral plan. C) Inform the client's colleagues which of the client's behaviors are being targeted, and teach them to differentially reinforce those behaviors. D) Ask the group home management staff to continue differentially reinforcing the client's adaptive behaviors that were targeted by the client's behavioral program. Claire often gets out of bed and argues with her parents at bed-time. The behavior analyst has determined that this is maintained by her parents' attention. Which of the following would be an appropriate antecedent intervention to reduce getting out of bed, if no previous interventions have been evaluated? B A) Try reinforcement, e.g., continuously read Claire a story as long as she stays in bed. B) Try an AO for reinforcement, e.g., read to Claire immediately before she goes to bed. C) 12 / 62 Try punishment, e.g., when Claire gets out of bed, she gets spanked. D) Try an SD for punishment, e.g., warn Claire if she gets out of bed, she'll be spanked. During implementation of a plan to address Yusef's skill deficits, his father moves back into the house (after a brief separation with his mother). Yusef's parents get into loud vocal arguments in front of him, which seems to disrupt Yusef's progress. Of the following, which would be the best strategy for a behavior analyst to take? A) The behavior analyst should take reasonable steps to facilitate transfer of responsibility to another provider if the client needs one immediately. B B) The behavior analyst should recommend that other professional assessments and services be sought for Yusef's father and mother. C) The behavior analyst should formally assess the parent's interactions with each other, while strongly encouraging them to not argue in front of Yusef. D) The behavior analyst should focus only on building Yusef's skills, and not attempt to assess the behavior of Yusef's father and mother. A behavior analyst wants all residents of a group home to increase their cleaning behavior, but is concerned that several of the residents may sabotage a group effort. Which would be the best group contingency to use? A) Independent group contingency A B) Dependent group contingency C) Interdependent group contingency D) A token group contingency 13 / 62 A BCBA is assisting an agency to reduce their client's last minute appointment cancellations. There is currently no strategy in place to reduce cancellations. What should the BCBA consider recommending first? A) Look for computer software that automatically sends out reminder calls to clients. A B) Set up and monitor a performance improvement plan for the secretary to increase reminder calls. C) Train employees to implement a reward system for client's meeting appointments. D) Periodically offer trainings to clients regarding the importance of meeting appointments. What indirect assessment could assist with identifying responses targeted for direct assessment? A) Naturalistic observation D B) Functional analysis C) Narrative recording D) Preliminary assessment Adriana's skin often becomes itchy, such that her doctor prescribed a cream that relieves her symptoms immediately upon contact. Once she has experienced its effects, Adriana now applies the cream the moment her skin begins to itch. What most likely maintains her application of cream? A) Negative reinforcement A B) Positive reinforcement C) Positive punishment 14 / 62 D) Negative punishment On average, Angel gets attention for making a funny face (e.g., sticking his tongue out and crossing his eyes) every 5 times, regardless of how long it takes him. When Angel completes a simple matching task, on average, he gets attention every 10th match, regardless of how long it takes him. If the same attention is all that maintains both behaviors, and both behaviors are equally effortful, then of the following, which would likely be the best prediction of Angel's behavior? A) Angel will spend approximately twice the amount of time completing matching tasks as he does making funny faces. C B) Angel will spend the same amounts of time making funny faces as he does completing matching tasks. C) Angel will spend the vast majority of his time making funny faces and almost no time doing matching tasks. D) Angel will spend approximately twice the amount of time making funny faces as he does completing matching tasks. During a meeting the BCBA attended, the guidance counselor, principal, and parents agreed that the student needs self-esteem training because he disparages himself and has no friends. Of the following, which is likely the best course of action for the behavior analyst? A) Explain to the parents and school principal, that as a behavior analyst, you are unable to participate in meetings that are not aligned with the principles of applied behavior analysis. B B) Guide the team toward measuring the frequency of the student's positive self statements and use of skills that make and maintain friendships, both before and after the training. C) Professionally explain to the team that "self-esteem" is a mentalism that is not observable or measurable, and thus is not an appropriate target for any science-based intervention. D) Contribute to the team by assisting the school's guidance counselor in administering and interpreting the results from a self-esteem assessment (e.g., the Implicit Association Test). 15 / 62 Usson would like to use a design that would not require reaching a steady state before moving to the next intervention, but wants to compare the effectiveness of four different interventions. Which design would best fit Usson's requirements? A) Withdrawal design D B) Changing criterion design C) Multiple baseline design D) Alternating treatments design Kareem's intervention aims to establish a client's appropriate greetings at home and school. Which experimental design would be best to examine functional relations between an increase in his client's appropriate greetings and the intervention? A) Parametric design B B) Multiple baseline design C) An AB design D) Changing criterion design Look at the graph shown. What sort of analysis is being conducted? A) Multielement analysis B B) Parametric analysis C) Component analysis D) Multiple baseline analysis 16 / 62 The team is writing goals for a 5 year old, and the responses listed below are considered for target. Which would be the best behavioral cusp to target first? A) Toileting D B) Imaginary playing C) Reduce self-stimulation D) Manding After completing a preference assessment, Stella has several possible reinforcers she would like to use with her client. If she wants to assess whether or not these stimuli function as reinforcers for the client by allowing the client to choose to work for either one stimulus or another, what assessment procedure can she use? A) Concurrent operant reinforcer assessment A B) Single operant reinforcer assessment C) Multiple stimulus preference assessment D) Paired choice stimulus preference assessment Trudi, has a condition which has paralyzed her vocal chords and severely impacted her fine motor skills so that she cannot use them other than to pick up items and hand it to her caregivers. If a behavior analyst is writing a program to teach Trudi how to request for water, which of the following procedures would be the best choice? D A) Teach Trudi to make the ASL sign for water. B) Teach Trudi to ask for water by saying "water." 17 / 62 C) Teach Trudi to write the word "water." D) Teach Trudi to exchange a picture card for water. This type of behaviorism accounts for private events and includes verbal behavior as part of its philosophy. A) Methodological behaviorism D B) Both radical and methodological behaviorism C) Neither radical nor methodological behaviorism D) Radical behaviorism Jamene hit her head approximately every thirty seconds. It is hypothesized that her behavior is maintained by parental attention, her strongest reinforcer. Jamene has a limited repertoire, such that the behavior analyst observed no other relevant behavior. It is important that the behavior analyst tries to decrease head hitting as soon as possible, as Jamene is starting to bruise. What would be the best differential reinforcement procedure to initially and temporarily use? B A) DRH B) DRO C) DRA D) DRI A student's hand raising is immediately praised by the teacher during class. As a result, the student's hand-raising decreases in subsequent classes. Which of the following best describes the teacher's praise? A A) A positive punisher B) A positive reinforcer 18 / 62 C) A negative punisher D) A negative reinforcer An intervention was put into place that required Sterling's teacher to praise him for his hard work when he submitted an assignment. His teacher implemented the procedure with 95% treatment integrity. However, Sterling's completion of assignments decreased in rate. What is a possible explanation for the decrease in behavior? A) Teacher's praise was a positive punisher. A B) The teacher failed to collect accurate data. C) There was a lack of procedural integrity. D) Teacher's praise was a negative reinforcer. Ahmed's pinching is maintained by escape from a reading task. Which of the following is the best example of an alternative, functionally equivalent behavior his BCBA could teach to decrease his pinching to escape the task? A) Teach Ahmed to read aloud D B) Teach Ahmed to put his hands in his pockets C) Teach Ahmed to squeeze a stress ball D) Teach Ahmed to sign for a break The therapist wants to test if Yoli can say "ball" in the presence of an actual ball using stimulus equivalence. After she trains Yoli to select the text "ball" when she sees the ball, which of the following should she do next? D A) Train Yoli to select the text "ball," in the presence of the actual ball. B) Train Yoli to say "ball" after hearing the spoken word "ball." 19 / 62 C) Train Yoli to say "ball," after the therapist presents an actual ball. D) Train Yoli to say "ball," in the presence of the text "ball." After extensive behavioral attempts to teach vocal language have failed, it's been determined that a non-vocal child's best communication option is currently sign language. After the behavior analyst teaches the child a few signs, the parents explain that they don't have the time to learn signs. Which intervention strategy should the behavior analyst consider? A) Terminate professional services because the client is no longer benefitting. After completing pre-termination services, help transfer responsibility to another provider. B B) Determine if the parents will work with their child using a different method of communication, and if so, use that method to teach the child to communicate. C) Since signs are the best option, if the parents refuse to use best treatment available, then the behavior analyst needs to report neglect to the appropriate agency. D) Try to teach the child vocal mands again; do not resort to other communication systems, such as signs, since the parents indicate it will not be supported. Mandy's caregivers fill out a questionnaire regarding what items and activities they think she likes. The behavior analyst wants to determine a preference hierarchy that will likely correspond with reinforcer effectiveness. After reviewing the results, which of the following procedures would be least advisable for the behavior analyst to use? B A) Arrange some of the items from the questionnaire into an array; allow Mandy to select and briefly interact with one item at a time. Take the item back from Mandy. Do not put the item back into the array, but repeat the procedure until no items are left.. B) Rank the items according to how the questionnaire was filled out. E.g., if the caregiver reported an item to be very reinforcing for the client, rank it as "high," and rank it "low" if the caregiver reported that it was not very reinforcing to the client. C) Randomly present two items at a time to Mandy from the ques20 / 62 tionnaire. Allow Mandy to select and interact with only one of those items. Repeat this procedure until all the items have been paired with each other. D) Arrange some of the items from the questionnaire into an array; allow Mandy to select and briefly interact with one item at a time. Then take the item back from Mandy before she selects again. Put the item back into the array and repeat the procedure. If Jorden can learn any of the following behaviors equally as well, which behavior should the behavior analyst prioritize for Jorden to learn first? A) Color coordinating outfits. B B) Reading printed text. C) Saying "please," when manding. D) Making the bed correctly. Which of the following describes what a behavior analyst should do before intervening to decrease an adult's property destruction at work? A) Warn the work staff and legal guardians at home that the client may begin to engage in self-injurious behavior. D B) Prepare the work staff for extinction bursts, and monitor for extinction bursts after the intervention begins. C) Prepare the legal guardians at home for extinction bursts, and monitor for extinction bursts after the intervention begins. D) Warn the work staff and legal guardians at home that the client's property destruction may increase at home. 21 / 62 After Camilla intervened, a child's compliance levels consistently reached 85%. If compliance has maintained for 3 weeks, and the parents indicate there are no other behaviors they need Camilla to target, what should she do? A) Fade out her services at a pace that is reasonable and acceptable to the parents. A B) Find other behaviors to target and request that the parents let her continue working with the child. C) Discuss the room for improvement and attempt to increase the child's compliance to nearly 100%. D) Immediately have the parents sign a termination of services document. A behavior analyst is helping a teacher develop a classroom management plan. If all students find peer social approval reinforcing, then which group contingency would most likely be effective toward increasing all students' performances? A) Interdependent group contingency A B) Dependent group contingency C) Independent group contingency D) A group contingency should not be used Idina is a behavior analyst whose experience has mostly been with self-injurious behaviors, and she just received a case referral for an 8-year-old boy who has feeding problems. If she's going to accept the case, the next step should be to: A) conduct a preliminary assessment of the boy's behavior. B B) obtain consultation with a BCBA competent in that area. C) conduct a functional interview with the parents. 22 / 62 D) directly observe the boy in his natural environment. Tim is a behavior analyst who is training staff at a group home. When he returns to the group home the following day, he finds that the staff are implementing the procedures to criterion as directed. Which of the following is the best course of action for Tim to take? A) Only monitor the situation at this point. D B) Tell the staff that they are doing a good job more often. C) Recommend that the staff get a raise for following the procedure as directed. D) Determine what is motivating and maintaining the staff's performance. During the preliminary assessment, the caregivers of a child explain that "the problem behaviors often occur when the child is hungry." When would be the best time for the behavior analyst to begin observing the child? A) Everyday at a random time. B B) Everyday before lunch. C) Everyday after dinner. D) Everyday during breakfast. What indirect method can assist a BCBA in identifying a hierarchy of the stimuli that may be potential reinforcers? A) Selection-based assessment D B) Duration-based assessment C) Free-operant assessment D) Caregiver interview 23 / 62 The behavior analyst breaks down the task of cooking food in a microwave oven into 9 separate steps. If the client cannot do any part of the food cooking sequence independently, which strategy should the behavior analyst most likely consider first? A) Total task chaining D B) Forward chaining C) Homogenous chain training D) Backward chaining What is not a possible unwanted effect of using food as a reinforcer with a client? A) If the food being used is candy or other sweet snacks, it can cause dental and/or health issues. D B) The client may start seeking out the person(s) who typically provide(s) the reinforcers. C) If the food delivery is not delivered immediately following the desired target behavior, it's possible that another (undesirable) behavior may be reinforced. D) Appropriate behavior will increase. Stanley spits food at his peers; his behavior analyst decided to reinforce every time Stanley swallows a bite of food rather than spitting it. What differential reinforcement procedure is this? A) DRH C B) DRL C) DRI D) DRO 24 / 62 Cindy places several items on a table for her client. She then takes data on how long her client interacts with each item. She then ranks the order of length from longest to shortest to determine hierarchy. What preference assessment does this best describe? A) Multiple-stimulus preference assessment B B) Duration-based preference assessment C) Single-stimulus preference assessment D) Paired-choice preference assessment The teacher is instructing Syndey and Jackson how to name colors. Which of the following descriptions best demonstrates Direct Instruction? A) The teacher shows the color brown to Sydney and asks her "what color?" The teacher then praises Sydney's correct answer. Next, the teacher shows the color blue to Jackson and asks him "what color?" The teacher then praises Jackson's correct answer. D B) The teacher shows the color blue first to Jackson, then to Sydney. The teacher then tells the students that the fastest one to name the color correctly gets a sticker on his or her sticker sheet (stickers can later be exchanged for items from the prize box). C) The teacher shows the color brown to the students, then tells them that everyone can earn one sticker for correctly naming the color, but the fastest person to name the color correctly gets two stickers (stickers can later be exchanged for items from the prize box). D) The teacher shows the color red to the students and tells them the color, then they all say the color when she points to it. The teacher then praises the students saying "red" simultaneously when the teacher silently points to the color red. 25 / 62 Maurene has successfully taught her client how to use the toilet at home, but not at school or other places. Of the following options, which is the best course of action that Maurene should consider doing to ensure her client will use the toilet correctly in places other than home? A) Use sequential modification to ensure that her client successfully uses the toilet in several other settings. C B) Program for correct toileting in several different settings until her client can demonstrate correct toileting independently in those settings. C) Train correct toilet use in several other settings until her client independently demonstrates correct toileting in an untrained setting. D) Program for response generalization by making sure the response generalizes to new settings. Mrs. French has been trained to implement a treatment package with her son. What could the behavior analyst do to see which portions of the package are the most effective at maintaining the current levels of behavior? A) Multiple probe design C B) Continue to monitor the effectiveness of the procedure. C) Component analysis D) Parametric analysis Of the following, which is the best description of an intraverbal training procedure? A) Model the verbal response "cat," then differentially reinforce the client's imitation of that verbal response C B) Give the client a piece of the sandwich when the client signs in ASL the word for sandwich, or vocally says the word sandwich." C) Show the client the problem "1+1 ="; model the response "2," 26 / 62 then only reinforce the client's response "2" when that problem is presented D) Ask the client a series of "WH" questions; at first, reinforce the client's responses to the questions (even if they are incorrect) to get the client to learn to respond to "WH" questions. If the client fails to respond, just restate the question If a functional relation is determined between elopement and escape, what would be the best description for the occurrence of elopement? A) The tasks are too difficult for the student. B B) Elopement is maintained by negative reinforcement. C) The student elopes to get out of a task. D) The student elopes because the task is aversive It is hypothesized that behavior is maintained by attention. What functional assessment procedure would provide a clear demonstration of a causal relation between behavior and attention? A) Structured interview B B) Functional analysis C) Ecological assessment D) Descriptive assessment A BCBA is working with Anna and one of her 8 young children, who throws large objects at his siblings. This usually occurs after access to an item is denied, and results the siblings leaving the room. Anna states the problem behavior rarely occurs in her presence. What initial intervention is most likely to be successful? A A) NCR B) DNRA 27 / 62 C) Escape Extinction D) Punishment Which of the following procedures is most critical for assessing stimulus equivalence? A) Differential reinforcement B B) Matching-to-sample C) Prompt fading D) Functional assessment Look at the table shown. (1) What was the average level during treatment, and (2) was there a significant change in variability around the trend line from baseline to treatment? A) (1) Average treatment level: 15.3; (2) there was a significant change in variability. B) (1) Average treatment level: 11.6; (2) no significant change in variability. B C) (1) Average treatment level: 11.6; (2) there was a significant change in variability. D) (1) Average treatment level: 15.3; (2) no significant change in variability. 28 / 62 A behavior analyst, Jenn, is attending a behavior-analytic conference and learns about a new intervention that has produced significant increases in pro-social behavior. If Jenn thinks that this intervention can be beneficial to several of her clients, what should she do? A) Assess her clients' performances; if indicated, implement and systematically evaluate. A B) Immediately add this new intervention to all of her clients' behavior plans. C) Receive supervision on this intervention while adding to clients' behavior plans. D) Do not use this intervention; there is not a large enough research base. Based on the scatterplot shown, when would be the best time to observe the client to identify possible maintaining consequences for the target response? A) After 5pm B) Between 12pm and 2pm A C) Before 9am D) Anytime 29 / 62 Take a look at the graphs shown. What should the behavior analyst consider first? A) Ratio strain B) Functional relation identification C C) Staff training D) Reinforcer effectiveness for manding Stacy is planning on using a chaining procedure, but needs to figure out which steps her client has learned and which steps need to be trained. What should Stacy do to identify these responses? A) Procedural analysis C B) Chaining analysis C) Task analysis D) Functional analysis The behavior analyst is attempting to decrease the long-term duration and frequency of Shaun's hands-in-pants behavior in the classroom. In the past, Shaun has demonstrated the ability to keep his hands folded on top of this desk. Of the following, which intervention would be best for the behavior analyst to select? C A) DRO B) 30 / 62 SpC) DRI D) Sp+ Martin tells his supervisor that he likes to sort and package batteries at his residential facility, but would love to participate in the plays that the theater group does at the facility. Of the following interventions, which would be most socially valid? A) Teach Martin how to speak and respond to phrases in a second language to increase his chances of finding a better job. B B) Teach Martin how to make his facial expressions match the feelings of the character for which Martin may audition. C) Teach Martin how to more efficiently sort batteries when Martin is working in the facility's workshop. D) Teach Martin some more advanced math skills and critical thinking skills that would help Martin think more logically. Which of the following descriptions is the most behavior-analytic? A) Rhonda won the lottery, and became very happy. Soon afterward she bought everyone in her immediate family a new car, paid their debts, and gave some money to charity as a result of her happiness. D B) Ronaldo's employees were doing their jobs well, but Ronaldo yelled at them anyway because he had been in a bad mood all day. As a result, the employees tried to keep Ronaldo in a good mood by giving him extra praise. C) Ivanka worked hard to strengthen her resolve. As a result of her increased will-power, she was able to run an entire marathon without stopping. In the past, she had been unable to finish the tasks she began. D) Marko said that when his girlfriend broke up with him, he became depressed. Marko's friends started doing things to make Marko feel better, and as a result Marko continued talking about his depression. 31 / 62 Stephanie has sufficiently trained a family to use differential reinforcement to teach a replacement behavior for mild aggression maintained by escape. Which of the following actions is most critical for Stephanie to take? A) She should train the parents how to effectively use restraint procedures. C B) She should ensure there's no eye contact or talking during the procedure. C) She should review the possibility of an initial increase of aggression. D) She should begin to target other problem behaviors. Which behavioral assessment procedure is not helpful with identifying target responses that need a more direct and thorough assessment? A) Ecological assessment D B) Interview C) Checklist D) Functional analysis Take a look at the graph shown. The red horizontal lines indicate the criterion that is set. If a bi-directional change is going to be implemented in the next subphase, what would likely be the best next criterion? C A) 10 B) 12 C) 8 32 / 62 D) 14 Sam's reading program uses pictures above new words that he is learning to say. Which of the following is critical for him to demonstrate mastery of the new words? A) Tact training C B) Imitation training C) Prompt fading D) Modeling During a follow-up observation, a behavior analyst notices that the rate of ear-slapping suddenly doubled. The last few visits indicated that ear-slapping had been stable at low levels. The behavior analyst concludes that nothing in her environment has changed, what should the behavior analyst do first? A) Structured descriptive assessment B B) Refer to a physician C) Brief functional analysis D) Direct descriptive assessment Darcy had been biting her own hands several times per day. After the caregivers began using food, praise, and toys contingent upon no SIB, Darcy's biting decreased significantly. When exploring the effectiveness of the treatment, which approach is least recommended for the behavior analyst to consider? B A) Parametric analysis B) 33 / 62 Reversal design C) Multi-element design D) Component analysis The behavior analyst is working with a client who does not follow his parents' directions. Which of the following definitions would be the most appropriate for the behavior analyst to target? A) Non-compliance: When Billy does not respond to a parent's direction within 5 seconds. C B) Compliance: When Billy follows a parent's direction without complaining. C) Compliance: When Billy begins to follow a parent's direction within 5 seconds. D) Non-compliance: When Billy does not respond to a parent's direction. A client is taught to ask his teacher, "I've completed my work; how does it look?" This prompts the teacher to respond with praise and feedback. What did the behavior analyst program for when he taught this skill? A) Maintenance A B) Stimulus generalization C) Response generalization D) Discrimination Chloe frequently tantrums at school when asked to do a task. The FBA indicates that Chloe's tantrums are maintained by escape. Which of the following is the most reasonable action a behavior analyst could take? A) Attempt to establish asking for a break and decrease tantrumming. 34 / 62 B) Attempt to increase staying on a task and decrease tantrumming. A C) Attempt to increase staying on a task. D) Attempt to maintain asking for a break. Look at the table shown. What is the trend for (1) baseline and (2) treatment? A) (1) Baseline: decreasing; (2) Treatment: increasing B) (1) Baseline: increasing; (2) Treatment: decreasing B C) (1) Baseline: zero; (2) Treatment: decreasing D) (1) Baseline: increasing; (2) Treatment: zero Tanya is setting up a token economy which uses tickets as tokens. Of the following suggestions, which would most likely help Tanya's token economy be successful? A) Generally set the price of each back up reinforcer at twice the number of tokens earned. C B) Once prices for backup reinforcers are determined, the prices should not be adjusted. C) Initially allow the client to purchase backup reinforcers for a relatively small number of tickets. D) Give the client a sticker each time the client engages in the correct response. 35 / 62 Which of the following is the best way to verify if the client's appropriate behavior has increased after the treatment was introduced? A) Graphed results of a social validity assessment D B) Graphed results of a procedural integrity assessment C) Interview a caregiver before and after treatment D) Visual assessment of an A-B research design The data show that a 42-year-old client will work about the same amount for any kind of reinforcer that is available, despite having vocally indicated that he prefers to work for one specific item. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate? A) Randomly vary the reinforcers so that the client does not get satiated with any particular reinforcer (e.g., the specific item). D B) Vary the reinforcers and ensure that time spent interacting with each reinforcer is evenly balanced so that all reinforcers remain effective. C) If praise is one of the reinforcers, use praise to reinforce the client's performance so that the client adapts to the natural environment. D) Arrange the contingencies of reinforcement so that the client earns the specific item until the client indicates he'd prefer a different item. Tomas was referred to the case of a client who recently began engaging in self-injurious behavior. After doing a records review, Tomas discovered this same behavior had occurred a few years ago when the man had a kidney stone. Which of the following actions should Tomas do first after his discovery? D A) Consult with the behavior analyst who was present when the client had kidney stones. B) Refer to an experienced BCBA who is competent in this area. C) Review the scientific literature regarding kidney stones and 36 / 62 self-injurious behavior. D) Consult with a licensed medical professional as soon as possible. To maximize the effectiveness of a stimulus as a punisher, the stimulus should be: A) delivered intermittently. D B) gradually increased in magnitude with each delivery. C) the exact same magnitude with each delivery. D) delivered on an FR1 schedule. Charlie first withheld food from the client, then maintained the target behavior by consequentially delivering food. What did Charlie use with the client? A) positive reinforcement A B) negative reinforcement C) extinction D) negative and positive reinforcement The BCBA wants to ensure that Procedure 3 was effective and control for multiple treatment interference. Look at the graph shown, what combination with another design could be used to further evaluate Procedure 3? C A) Multielement / changing criterion design combo B) Multiple baseline / changing criterion design combo C) Multielement / withdrawal design combo 37 / 62 D) Multiple baseline / withdrawal design combo If an experimenter plans to use a non-contingent reinforcement procedure, which of the following would most likely be used? A) Deliver attention the first time the behavior occurs 15 seconds since the previous interval ended. B B) Deliver attention every 15 seconds regardless of the occurrence of the target behavior. C) Deliver attention after any behavior other than the target behavior, as long as 15 seconds have passed. D) Deliver attention each and every time the target behavior occurs; don't deliver it otherwise. A client is asked to find the key that will open the door to his house. When he selects the appropriate key, the therapist provides social praise and allows him to access the inside of the house. What training procedure is being implemented? A) Listener training A B) Mand training C) Tact training D) Graduated guidance 38 / 62 A single mother of 3 children is unable to consistently implement the programs given the time and effort required to complete daily household chores. Of the following, which would be most advisable for a behavior analyst? A) Help her seek state provided respite care services for help with the household chores, and begin working on a plan for her children to help with the chores. A B) Develop a behavioral program for the single mother that targets her completion of household chores. Graph regularly and present the graph to the mother. C) Request more service hours with the family, so that the behavior specialist can implement the behavioral programs while the mother completes the household chores. D) Terminate services, and refer to another agency; it is clear that environmental conditions hamper successful implementation of a behavioral program. Svetlana is creating a data sheet for her behavior techs, which is the most appropriate description for variables to record? ? A) Reinforcing stimulus: Any food or non-food item that the client likes or prefers. C B) Disruptive stimulus: Any stimulus that the client finds aversive and changes the client's behavior. C) Loud noise: Any sound that is 60 or more decibels within 5 feet of the client. D) Staying quiet: Not speaking or making noise that can be heard from 5 or more feet away. For which of the following responses would DRH be the most appropriate? B A) Rate of hand raising during lecture B) Rate of math questions completed 39 / 62 C) Rate of head-banging on the floor D) Duration of head-banging on the floor When teaching a novice learner to emit echoics, which of the following is the best procedure to follow? A) Model randomly selected whole words, wait for the client to imitate those words, and when the client imitates, reinforce. Shape until the client can imitate short phrases. D B) Model whole words the client has not yet learned, wait for the client to imitate those words, and then immediately reinforce when the client imitates correctly. C) Model sounds the client can not do yet, and wait for the client to imitate those sounds, then reinforce immediately when the client imitates correctly. D) Model sounds that are in the client's current repertoire and reinforce when the client immediately repeats that sound. Shape until the client can imitate entire words. Trudy often interjects loudly during class and disrupts the other 28 students in her classroom. Because the teacher can't collect data on Trudy's behavior, a 1:1 aide was assigned to help Trudy. What's the best discontinuous measurement procedure to train the aide to use? A) Whole interval recording D B) Event recording C) Momentary time sampling D) Partial interval recording 40 / 62 Of the following strategies, which is least likely to be effective for improving and maintaining appropriate performance? A) Graph and privately review the performance of each employee. C B) Conduct preference assessments for each individual employee. C) Observe the employees, if they appear to be doing a good job, give them their annual bonus. D) Make a performance score card that allows one to objectively assess important aspects of performance. Julian has not learned how to safely cross the street, and he regularly runs into traffic to get to the park. In a safe and controlled setting, which procedure should most likely be tried first? A) forward chaining A B) positive practice C) contingent exercise D) backward chaining Which is the best display of duration on an equal-interval line graph for the data below? 3/1 120 3/2 100 3/3 110 3/4 120 3/5 115 3/6 120 B 41 / 62 A teacher, with the help of her assistants, has successfully implemented and maintained a behavior analyst's plan for her classroom. Two of the three assistants moved, and the plan is no longer effective. Of the following, what's the best course of action? A) Revise the components that the two assistants were implementing. A B) Train the teacher to consistently implement all components of the plan. C) Reassess all of the group and individual contingency contracts. D) Train the assistant to consistently implement all components of the plan. A behavior analyst conducted a functional analysis on Judith's yelling. Which of the following would be the best explanation of her results to Judith's parents? A) Yelling occurred the most in conditions that our therapist ignored Judith until she yelled. This suggests that the reason for Judith's yelling is to get attention. A B) We have determined that there is a functional relation between attention and yelling, the establishing operation is attention deprivation. C) Judith yelled during the sessions in which she wanted attention the most. Because of that, we know that she yells to get attention. D) During the social positive reinforcement contingency condition, rate of yelling was the highest. The maintaining consequence for yelling is attention. Through the results of a descriptive assessment, Matthew has hypothesized that self-injurious behavior may be maintained by escape. Which philosophical assumption does this best describe? D A) Empiricism B) Pragmatism 42 / 62 C) Philosophical Doubt D) Determinism Omar's client sometimes attempts to run away when presented with a non-preferred task. If Omar wants to replace running away with a verbal response, which of the following is advisable? A) Eliminate the establishing operation for running away; put running away on extinction, and reinforce the verbal response. C B) Differentially reinforce the verbal response with a reinforcer that does not maintain running away; put running away on extinction. C) Put running-away on extinction, and thin the reinforcement schedule for the verbal response after it's been firmly established. D) Differentially reinforce the verbal response and all behaviors other than running-away; put running away on extinction. Of the following, which is the best description of a mand training procedure? A) Ask the client, "What do you want?" and if she reaches for the toy, then give her access to the toy. If she does not reach for the toy, do not give her the toy. C B) Model the word "help" for a client. If and when the client imitates the word "help," then reinforce the client's response with praise and a cookie. C) Before lunch, show a cracker to the student; if he signs "cracker," give him the cracker. If he signs again with no cracker in sight, give him two. D) Present a cookie to the client, and model the spoken word "cookie." When the client imitates the word in the presence of the cookie, praise the client's response. 43 / 62 Samantha used a withdrawal design to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment. The use of the withdrawal design exemplifies which dimension of ABA? A) Determinism C B) Empiricism C) Analytic D) Conceptually systematic Chava hired a behavior analyst, Mary, to help her make friends. During an observation of peer interactions, Mary notes that Chava talks too much about herself. What should Mary choose to help Chava talk about herself less? A) DRL A B) DRH C) DRO D) DRA Theo is a BCBA with over 20 years of experience working only with very young children. Theo received a request for services for a 14 year old young lady with autism; what should Theo do first? A) Theo should conduct a preliminary assessment, then review and summarize his findings. D B) Theo should use direct observation to determine potential skill deficits and functional relationships. C) Theo should inform the caregivers that he cannot take the case, as he is only trained in Early Intervention. D) Theo should consider getting mentorship or supervision from a competent BCBA, if he keeps the case. 44 / 62 Chrissy has not yet learned to consistently look at the teacher and relevant objects during training sessions. The BCBA would like to teach her how to brush her teeth. Which of the following would not be an appropriate procedure to use to teach her client this skill? A) Shaping B B) Imitation training C) Prompt fading D) Graduated guidance Aarya, a teacher, has a goal to change her classroom into one of personalized system of instruction. Which of the following suggestions would most likely help Aarya do this? A) Students should be allowed to move at their own pace, and take quizzes and tests when they are ready. In class, Aarya should mainly discuss the materials that the students have already mastered. A B) Students should engage in choral responding when Aarya presents the Sd after she has modeled the correct response to the Sd. Differential feedback may be individualized for correct and incorrect responses. C) Students should independently work through computer software programs that are designed to teach them the required skills at their developmental levels. Grades are disbursed electronically to the teacher and parents. D) Students should be allowed to independently work on the curriculum their own choosing; students who did well in prior classes can assess the performance of current students, and tutor them if necessary. A behavior analyst is conducting a one day training for teacher assistants who are learning basic ABA principles and procedures. An assistant inquires about what to do when a client exhibits behavior "out of the blue." How should the behavior analyst respond? A A) Discuss antecedents and consequences. B) 45 / 62 Discuss impulsivity and ADHD. C) Discuss tension build-up and triggers. D) Discuss determinism and parsimony. Yani observes that his client spends several hours a day doing household chores, and rarely engages in leisure activities. If Yani wants to use the Premack principle to increase leisure skills, which of the following could he implement? A) Encourage the client to play video games both before and after the chores are completed. D B) Only allow access to playing video games after household chores have been completed. C) After the chores are completed, deliver tokens that can be redeemed for video game time. D) Only allow access to doing chores after video game playing has been completed. Of the following, which is the best description of extinction? A) The caregiver restrained the child's arms by wrapping the child in a mat, and as a result, the child stopped biting his own arms. C B) A parent fed her child a large meal; later the child stopped completing tasks that were maintained with access to food. C) The boy's sister stopped laughing when the boy told jokes, and as a result, the boy stopped telling jokes to his sister. D) The student disrupted class each time an assignment was given, so the teacher stopped giving that student attention. 46 / 62 After the 3rd day of collecting baseline data on hand mouthing, the BCBA implemented the social disapproval procedure. 10 days after implementing the procedure, the instances of hand mouthing began to increase, and maintained at high levels for the rest of the social disapproval treatment phase. Which of the following can the BCBA say with certainty? A) Hand mouthing increased in frequency. A B) Social disapproval reinforced hand mouthing. C) Social disapproval punished hand mouthing. D) Hand mouthing was put on extinction. Which of the following would likely be included only in a behavioral language assessment? A) Assess correct use of syntax and sentence structure C B) Assess morphological deficits and ability C) Determine correct and incorrect use of autoclitics D) Determine variance of pitch and intonation. Typically, after a staff member presents a demand to Harry, he kicks the staff member and gets out of the task. If the BCBA was going to train staff to implement an extinction plan, what change to the environment would likely be made? A) If kicking occurs, implement planned ignoring on Harry. D B) After a task is presented, restrain Harry so that he cannot kick. C) Remove all demands from Harry's environment. D) If kicking occurs, continue to present the demand. 47 / 62 Read all of the answer choices, then select the best example of a rule: A) A technician regularly cleans out the pigeon cages to avoid the smell. C B) A researcher adjusts the schedule of reinforcement for a pigeon's pecking from a CRF to a VR 3. C) A sign states that technician's can be fired if the rat cages smell bad. D) A scientist's behavior is reinforced on a VR 30 schedule of reinforcement. Of the following, which intervention goal is the most acceptable? A) The client will become friendlier, less argumentative, and less avoidant with members of his family and friends within 3 days of the intervention for at least 7 consecutive days. C B) The client will begin to decrease her aggressive behavior toward other people and objects for 3 consecutive days within 2 weeks of the intervention. C) The client will increase instances of initiating conversation with another person from once per day, to 5 times per day, for three consecutive days within 2 weeks of the intervention. D) The client will increase the duration of his feelings of happiness regarding his life, from no feelings of happiness, to at least 2 minutes of feeling happy within 1 week of the intervention. The behavior analyst provided behavior skills training on a treatment for staff to implement. To ensure optimal implementation, what type of data should the behavior analyst collect during treatment sessions? C A) Functional analysis B) Social validity C) 48 / 62 Procedural integrity D) ABC data Based on the data shown, when would be the best time to observe the employees to identify possible maintaining variables for productive behavior? A) Between 10am and 2pm B) Between 2pm and 6pm A C) During individual breaks D) Immediately after clock-in Scottie started his homework 2 minutes after his mom asked him to start. It took him 15 minutes to complete his math assignment, 28 minutes to complete his writing assignment, and 7 minutes to complete his science assignment. In between math and writing, he used the restroom for 5 minutes. What was the total duration of completing his homework? A) 5 minutes C B) 57 minutes C) 50 minutes D) 2 minutes 49 / 62 Look at the graph shown. When does the rate equal zero? A) On day 2 B) On day 6 C) On day 5 B D) On day 4 Which of the following would be the best example of Sheneka using an errorless learning procedure to teach Guardia to brush her teeth? A) Verbally prompt tooth brushing, then systematically fade to manual guidance. D B) Use errors as teachable moments, then use punishment if errors continue to occur. C) Reinforce the first response in the chain, then reinforce the last response at the end of a correct chain. D) Manually guide tooth brushing, then systematically fade to verbal prompts Angie is attempting to teach a new response, which schedule of reinforcement would be most effective? B A) VI1' B) FR1 50 / 62 C) VR1 D) FI1' The following procedure is described for the behavior tech to implement: Set up lemonade out of reach, give client several crackers to eat, and ask client, "what do you want?" If the client does not reach for the lemonade, model "lemonade?" what part of this procedure is not correct for incidental teaching? A) Give client several crackers to eat D B) Set up lemonade out of reach C) Wait for client to reach for the lemonade D) Prompt, "What do you want?" In the past, Gina's mom had given her $5 every time she did the laundry. Recently, without prompting, Gina began washing the dishes and mopping the floor. Which of the following best describes what likely happened in reference to Gina's dish-washing and floor-mopping if they had never been followed by $5 before. A) Differentiation B B) Response generalization C) Stimulus generalization D) Discrimination Candace's cursing is likely maintained by escape from the teacher's academic demands. Which of the following intervention procedures should be the most likely to be considered for implementation? A) After Candace curses, the teacher should continue placing demands on her, and only give her a break when she asks without cursing. B) After Candace curses, the teacher should ignore Candace by 51 / 62 not giving her any attention, and only reinforce Candace's uses appropriate language. A C) After Candace curses, the teacher should place Candace in time-out, and differentially reinforce more appropriate alternative behavior. D) Before Candace curses, the teacher should remind Candace that cursing will cause her to be removed from class, and sent to the dean's office. Burrhus' parents want him to get a job at his local hamburger stand. It is important to identify which skills are already in his repertoire and which skills need to be taught. Which behavioral assessment procedure would be helpful for the behavior analyst to begin? A) Ecological assessment A B) Functional analysis C) Scatterplot assessment D) Functional behavior assessment Of the following, which should be least likely to influence the evaluation of the effectiveness of a behavioral program? A) The skills taught have not been shown to maintain after 3 weeks of no treatment. C B) The graphed data show the behavior closely follows the changes in criterion. C) The caregivers strongly indicate the treatment is not working after the first session. D) The skills taught to the client demonstrably generalize to new settings. 52 / 62 Sophie engaged in 24 episodes of crying. The observation period was 6 hours. What was Sophie's rate of crying? A) 24 episodes C B) 0.25 episodes/hour C) 4 episodes/hour D) 4 episodes Tommy doctor suggested that he slow his pace of eating. Which continuous measurement procedure should be used in order to monitor Tommy's behavior and implement an appropriate behavior plan to help him take bites at a slower pace? A) Duration recording D B) Whole interval recording C) Latency recording D) IRT recording After Carson threw dirt on one of his peers during recess, the teacher made Carson sit on the bench for the rest of recess. Carson never threw dirt at recess again. Of the following, which best describes the interaction between the behavior and environment? A) Negative punishment A B) Positive punishment C) Extinction D) AO for punishment 53 / 62 Marta is a BCBA who has just started with a family that has asked for her help with their son, Tanil. Tanil is frequently non-compliant and engages in property destruction. Which is likely the best way for Marta to proceed during her first few visits? A) Explain to the parents what likely needs to be done to help Tanil by teaching them about the science of human behavior. Show them peer-reviewed research of successful interventions for similar behaviors. B B) Explore ways of assessing and treating the problem behavior with the family that match the values, priorities, needs, and resources of the family. Proceed with getting written approval after a consensus has been reached. C) After observing Tanil in his natural environment, begin writing a behavioral plan that targets just one behavior at time. For example, target Tanil's compliance, then target his property destruction. D) After observing Tanil in his natural environment, begin writing a behavioral plan that targets both increasing his compliance and decreasing his property destruction. Then implement the plan after getting written approval. A behavior analyst says the child's problem behavior is maintained by attention, but the therapist says that the child is simply trying to discover her place in the family hierarchy. The behavior analyst does not argue, but manages to convince the therapist that either way, the treatment will be exactly the same. The behavior analyst's actions best fit with which of the following? A) Pragmatism A B) Selectionism C) Determinism D) Empiricism 54 / 62 Of the following descriptions regarding the actions of a behavior analyst, which is most likely to be insufficient? A) While traveling between locations, the BCBA stored the client's information, behavior plans, and assessments in a locked car trunk inside a locked box within the trunk. C B) When collecting on-going data, the behavior analyst trained the client to take accurate and reliable data, necessary for assessing the progress of the client's behavioral program. C) The BCBA spoke to the legal guardian about obstacles that prevented effective treatment and could not be removed, and immediately began pre-termination services. D) Before submitting the data for publication, the BCBA removed information that would identify the client, obtained the client's written consent, and documented IRB approval. After a learner's performance is established, which of the following strategies should least likely be used when programming for generalization? A) Assess if untrained peers can demonstrate the behavior. A B) Randomly vary the non-critical stimulus dimensions. C) Provide multiple examples for when not to engage in the behavior. D) Determine if the performance occurs fluently in a new setting. Marta's goal is to regularly exercise. Marta has found that tracking and graphing her own exercise has not been enough to maintain her regular exercise each week. Which of the following should Marta likely not do? B A) Commit to paying a dollar to her friend or colleague every day she fails to achieve her exercise goal. B) Keep all of her exercise plans, goals, and graphed data stored in a place that only she will see. C) 55 / 62 Arrange for her friend to compliment her if and only if Marta has met her exercise goals for the day. D) Redesign her exercise plans if she observes that the current plan is not resulting in reaching her goals. Fill in the blank. A major difference between operant and respondent conditioning is that only operant conditioning requires _______ to be successful. A) responses B B) consequences C) antecedents D) stimuli Consider the two graphs shown that display baseline data for one client. Of the following, which is likely the best course of action for the behavior analyst to take with this client? B A) Do not directly intervene yet; intervene after the compliance data has stabilized. B) Do not directly intervene yet; continue to monitor the situation. C) Intervene immediately; attempt to increase the rate of compliance. D) Intervene immediately; attempt to increase both the rate and percentage of compliance. 56 / 62 A teacher divides a class into groups of 4 students. If just one of the students in a group answers the teacher's questions correctly, the entire group will receive ice-cream. Which of the following types of contingencies does this best exemplify? A) Dependent group contingency A B) Independent group contingency C) Interdependent group contingency D) Positive reinforcement contingency What is Sally measuring if she takes data on how long Carina repeatedly kicks her legs when treading water in the pool? A) Frequency C B) Rate C) Duration D) IRT Bobby observed on the first, third, and fifth days. Sarah observed on the second, and fourth day. Bobby's observations were 1/min, 2/min, 1/min, respectively, and Sarah's were 4/min and 5/min, respectively. What is the best interpretation of this data? A A) The SIB does not appear to be getting any better or any worse. B) The data are unstable, and the SIB appears to be getting worse. 57 / 62 C) The data are stable, and the SIB appears to be getting better. D) The data are unstable, but the SIB appears to be getting better. Jobe has a contingency contract for tooth brushing before he goes to bed (his bedtime varies day-to-day). The contract specified that Jobe must begin brushing his teeth at least 15 minutes before his bedtime, and that if and only if he did, his father would read him a bed-time story after he brushed his teeth. Which of the following would be the best to include in the contract? A) Jobe must also complete all of his homework before bed, or his father will not read him a bed-time story. B B) Jobe must brush his teeth between 3 and 5 minutes, scrubbing the entire surface area of every tooth. C) After Jobe has brushed his teeth, he must floss his teeth and rinse with mouth wash by 8 pm every night. D) Jobe must also take a shower before he brushes his teeth, or his father will not read him a bed-time story. Fernando works 1:1 with a client in busy classroom of 23 students. The teacher would like the student to begin packing up his backpack immediately after she prompts "time to pack up!" What recording strategy should Fernando most likely use? A) Duration B B) Latency C) Partial Interval Recording D) Momentary Time Sampling C On the first day, Bob observed Matilda for three hours and she yelled 12 times. During day two, he observed 9 yells in three hours. On the third day, he observed 24 yells in four hours. On the fourth day, 25 yells in 5 hours. On the fifth day, he observed 3 yells in 3 hours. If Bob implemented an intervention on day 5, which of the following is the best display? 58 / 62 A practitioner is looking to quickly reduce a client's rate of pinching other people. Pinching is maintained by escape from tasks, and the client is capable of asking for breaks and help. Using this information, choose the most appropriate intervention. A) DRA A B) DRL C) DRH D) DRO Hannah, a behavior analyst, has conducted an indirect assessment. What functional assessment procedure should she do next before systematically manipulating environmental variables? A) Brief functional analysis B B) Direct descriptive assessment C) Functional analysis D) Interview The discussion section of a journal article about teaching children to tact their own private events suggests that these skills could be taught with operant conditioning. Of the following, which is the most appropriate analysis of this interpretation in the discussion section? A) The interpretation in the discussion section seems consistent with methodological behaviorism. 59 / 62 FIT BCBA Mock Exam 7CG0BL https://quizlet.com/_dtkixr 2 A5B8: B) This is inconsistent with behaviorism because it violates the principle of empiricism and parsimony. D C) The interpretation correctly relies upon determinism, but violates the principles of radical behaviorism. D) The interpretation in the discussion section seems consistent with radical behaviorism. Tristan wants to publish data that he plans to collect on the parents of children that go to his center. He is trying to determine if the parents' reports of anxiety or stress have changed over time. Which of the following should Tristan do? A) Graph the duration of the parents anxiety or stress. D B) Collect the data, then submit for publication as soon as possible. C) Periodically send an encrypted survey to the parents through email. D) Graph frequency of reports of anxiety or stress, rather than actual anxiety or stress. When training staff to implement behavioral procedures that they have not implemented before, one of the first things to do is: A) begin instruction D B) collect data on current staff performance C) complete a functional analysis D) set training objectives Jasper counted that Felicity sneezed 8 times. Which dimensional quantity of behavior is being measured? A) Percent Occurrence B) 60 / 62 Frequency C) Rate B D) Repeatability The BCBA wants Harold to respond "yes" only after she calls his name, rather than when she calls the names "Harvey." Which of the following will not help the BCBA achieve her goal with Harold? A) Do not praise his response when he responds before the name "Harold" is called. C B) Do not praise his response if he looks when the name "Harvey" is called. C) Praise his response every time it occurs whether or not "Harold" is called. D) Praise his response if and only if "Harold" was called first. Rich engages in head-banging. If he banged his head once today, then we would call this instance a: A) behavior C B) functional class C) response D) response class The data from a reinforcer assessment suggest that praise is not a reinforcer, but a carrot is. When working with Beni, which of the following strategies would likely be the best to use? D A) After Beni engages in the appropriate response, give Beni a carrot, but not praise. B) After Beni engages in the appropriate response, give Beni praise, but not a carrot. 61 / 62 C) Before Beni engages in the appropriate response give him a carrot then praise him. D) After Beni engages in the appropriate response, give Beni praise and a carrot. 62 / 62