University:
University of North Georgia
Course:
BIOL 3240K | Cell Biology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

363

Pages:

3
Author:

gewoekerdodx

Lecture week 3: Cells out of control • What are the components of cells? • Cell structure • Energy for cells to work • Cancer: cell growth out of control 3.2 Cell Structure (1 of 13) • Cytoplasm: includes cytosol and organelles (a) Animal cell Ribosomes Centriole Nucleolus Nucleus Cytoskeleton ‒ Organelles: perform specific jobs required by the cell and work with other organelles ‒ Cytosol: watery matrix with salts and enzymes; houses the organelles Nuclear envelope Plasma membrane Lysosome Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Cytosol Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 3.2 Cell Structure (2 of 13) • Plasma membrane (a) Sugar chains ‒ Encloses all cells ‒ Defines outer boundary Phospholipid bilayer of cells ‒ Isolates cell contents from environment Protein 3.2 Cell Structure (3 of 13) Plasma membrane • Plasma membrane ‒ Determines materials to be allowed in or out ▪ Semipermeable: some molecules can cross and some are prevented from crossing Macromolecule Uncharged molecules such as CO2 and O2 Charged molecules and ions 3.2 Cell Structure (4 of 13) • Membrane structure • Fluid properties (b) • Allow lipids and proteins to slide laterally Head ‒ Phospholipid bilayer Phospholipid ▪ Hydrophilic heads Tails maximize exposure to water ▪ Hydrophobic tails interact with each other; exclude water 3.2 Cell Structure (5 of 13) • Membrane structure ‒ Embedded proteins ▪ Carry out enzymatic functions ▪ Serve as receptors for outside substances ▪ Help transport substances throughout cell (a) Sugar chains Phospholipid bilayer Protein