Molecules, Cells, and Systems #2

FACULTY OF SCIENCE & ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF PHARMACY EXAMINATION PAPER _____________________________________________________________________ Module Code : 4PY019 Module Title : Molecules, Cells and Systems Date : Semester 2 Examiners : Dr. B. Wright and Dr. A. Rahman Time Allowed : 2 Hours ____________________________________________________________________ _ INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES  You should attempt 60 questions in total.  There is only ONE correct answer per question.  Your responses should be recorded on the answer sheet provided. MATERIALS REQURIED  You may use a scientific calculator. This must not be programmable, and may be inspected during the examination. Student Number ……………………………………………………………………………. 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 1 1. Which amino acid is the precursor of serotonin? A. Serine B. Tryptophan C. Tyrosine D. Phenylalanine E. Threonine 2. Which of the following components of protein does the Biuret reagent react with to form a coloured complex? A. Alpha amino group B. Alpha carboxyl group C. Peptide bond D. Amino acid side chain E. N terminus 3. In enzyme kinetics, for the Lineweaver-Burke plot the x and y axes are, respectively: A. 1/v and 1/S B. S and S/v C. S and v D. 1/S and 1/v E. S/v and S 4. The x and y intercepts of the Lineweaver-Burke plot are, respectively: A. -Km and Km/Vmax B. -1/Km and 1/Vmax C. -1/Km and Km/Vmax D. 1/Vmax and -1/Km E. Km/Vmax and -Km 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 2 5. The Michaelis constants for enzyme A and enzyme B are 0.1 and 10 mM, respectively. From this it follows that: A. enzyme A has a higher affinity for its substrate than enzyme B B. enzyme B has a higher affinity for its substrate than enzyme A C. both enzymes have the same affinity for their substrates D. enzyme A works 100 times faster than enzyme B E. enzyme B works 100 times faster than enzyme A 6. What is the isoelectric point of the basic amino acid, arginine given the pKa values for this amino acid below? Amino acid arginine A. 6.3 B. 10.8 C. 7.6 D. 11.5 E. 4.0 pKa values α-carboxyl group 1.8 α-amino group 9.0 side chain 12.5 7. The ATP synthase is located in which cellular compartment? A. The mitochondrial matrix B. The outer membrane of the mitochondrion C. The inner membrane of the mitochondrion D. The cytoplasm E. The endoplasmic reticulum 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 3 8. If 16% of the bases found in an organism's DNA are made up of adenine, what percentage of cytosine will be found in that DNA (assume the organism’s DNA is double stranded)? A. 16 B. 24 C. 30 D. 34 E. 40 9. Which one of the components below protects chromosomal ends from shortening? A. Centromere B. Histones C. Nucleosome D. Solenoid E. Telomere 10. Nucleosomes compact together to form a: A. centromere B. chromatin C. histone D. solenoid E. telomere 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 4 11. If an enzyme with a maximum rate of reaction of 5.3 µmol min-1 and a Michaelis constant of 125 µM was investigated under pre-set conditions, what is the rate of the reaction (v0) if the substrate concentration is 55 µM? 𝑣 = A. 1.3 µmol min-1 B. 2.3 µmol min-1 C. 1.6 µmol min-1 D. 1.9 µmol min-1 E. 3.7 µmol min-1 Vmax. [S] [𝑆] + 𝐾𝑚 12. Mitosis occurs in stages. Which of the below best represents the correct order? A. Anaphase→Metaphase→Prometaphase→Prophase→Telophase→Cytokinesis B. Prometaphase→Metaphase→Anaphase→Telophase→Prophase→Cytokinesis C. Cytokinesis→Anaphase→Metaphase→Prometaphase→Prophase→Telophase D. Metaphase→Anaphase→Telophase→Prophase→Cytokinesis→Prometaphase E. Prophase→Prometaphase→Metaphase→Anaphase→Telophase→Cytokinesis 13. Which one of the following is the correct list of immunoglobin classes? A. A, B, E, G, M B. A, C, E, G, M C. A, D, E, G, M D. A, E, F, G, M E. A, F, H, G, M 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 5 14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B - cells? A. Production of cytokines B. Production of antibodies C. Expression of surface immunoglobulins D. Play a role in the humoral immune system E. Mature in the bone marrow 15. Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? A. Acid/base balance B. Cellular communication C. Excretion D. Digestion E. Respiration 16. Using the Nernst equation, calculate the equilibrium potential for Ca2+ if [Ca2+]0 = 2.5mM, [Ca2+]i = 105 nM. 𝐸 A. +127mV B. +150mV C. +135mV D. +210mV E. +305mV 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 = 61.5 𝑚𝑉 𝐶 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑧 𝐶 6 17. Cholesterol is found in the cell membranes of which tissue? A. Adipose B. Brain C. Heart D. Kidney E. All of the above 18. Which one of the following molecules is a ketone? A. Aniline B. Alanine C. Adenine D. Acetate E. 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate 19. Which pair of molecules below regulate glucose homeostasis? A. Glucose and melatonin B. Glucagon and insulin C. Glucocorticoid and calcium D. Glutamine and androgens E. Glycine and mineralocorticoid 20. The HPA axis responds to stress by sending which molecule below from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary? A. Thyroid releasing hormone B. Prolactin releasing hormone C. Corticotropin releasing hormone D. Gonadotropin releasing hormone E. Growth hormone releasing hormone 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 7 21. Which hormone increases blood calcium? A. Parathyroid hormone B. Progesterone C. Oestrogen D. Cortisol E. Aldosterone 22. Which molecule is secreted when blood calcium levels are high? A. Aldosterone B. Calcitonin C. Cortisol D. Parathyroid hormone E. Testosterone 23. The general anatomy of the integument is best described by which combination of the following? A. Composed of 3 tissue types, 22 square feet, 1-2 mm thick, 10lbs weight B. Composed of 4 tissue types, 33 square feet, 1-2 mm thick, 10lbs weight C. Composed of 4 tissue types, 22 square feet, 1-2 cm thick, 10lbs weight D. Composed of 4 tissue types, 22 square feet, 1-2 mm thick, 10lbs weight E. Composed of 4 tissue types, 22 square feet, 1-2 mm thick, 20lbs weight 24. From the outside inwards, which is the correct histological order of the alimentary canal wall? A. Submucosa→Mucosa→Muscularis externa→Serosa→Lumen B. Lumen→Mucosa→Submucosa→Muscularis externa→Serosa C. Serosa→Muscularis externa→Submucosa→Mucosa→Lumen D. Mucosa→Submucosa→Lumen→Muscularis externa→Serosa E. Muscularis externa→Serosa→Submucosa→Mucosa→Lumen 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 8 25. Which one of the following is NOT a major location of smooth muscle? A. Inside the eye B. Respiratory tubes C. Urinary organs D. Inside the heart E. Reproductive organs 26. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of blood pressures? A. Artery: 4 - 7 mmHg, Capillary: 16 - 35 mmHg, Vein: 80 - 120 mmHg B. Artery: 16 - 35 mmHg, Capillary: 80 - 120 mmHg, Vein: 4 - 7 mmHg C. Artery: 80 - 120 mmHg, Capillary: 4 - 7 mmHg, Vein: 16 - 35 mmHg D. Artery: 80 - 120 mmHg, Capillary: 16 - 35 mmHg, Vein: 4 - 7 mmHg E. Artery: 4 - 7 mmHg, Capillary: 80 - 120 mmHg, Vein: 16 - 35 mmHg 27. Hypertension, a condition resulting in prolonged increased resting blood pressure, leads to: A. increased load on heart, increased plasma leakage from capillaries (oedema) and increased risk of thrombosis B. increased load on heart, decreased plasma leakage from capillaries (oedema) and increased risk of thrombosis C. increased load on heart, increased plasma leakage from capillaries (oedema) and decreased risk of thrombosis D. decreased load on heart, increased plasma leakage from capillaries (oedema) and increased risk of thrombosis E. decreased load on heart, decreased plasma leakage from capillaries(oedema) and decreased risk of thrombosis 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 9 28. Salbutamol and ipratropium bromide are effective in the treatment of asthma because they are, respectively a: A. β2 receptor antagonist and a muscarinic receptor antagonist B. β2 receptor antagonist and a muscarinic receptor agonist C. β2 receptor agonist and a muscarinic receptor antagonist D. β2 receptor agonist and a muscarinic receptor agonist E. none of the above 29. In the nephron, plasma is filtered, selective reabsorption occurs, and the remainder goes on to the bladder, respectively, via which of the following structures? A. Collecting Duct, Convoluted Tubules, Glomerulus B. Glomerulus, Collecting Duct, Convoluted Tubules C. Convoluted Tubules, Glomerulus, Collecting Duct D. Convoluted Tubules, Arcuate Artery, Glomerulus E. Glomerulus, Convoluted Tubules, Collecting Duct 30. Which of the following correctly list the structures within the kidney corresponding to the listed events respectively: water balance is achieved by active reabsorption of Na+, water reabsorbed by osmosis, and anti-diuretic hormone-mediated increased porosity? A. Glomerulus, collecting ducts and proximal convoluted tubule B. Loop of Henle, collecting ducts and collecting ducts C. Distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts and glomerulus D. Collecting ducts, Loop of Henle and Loop of Henle E. Proximal convoluted tubule, glomerulus and distal convoluted tubule 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 10 31. Which one of the following diseases is characterised by agitation, hydrophobia and ultimately fatal encephalitis and respiratory failure? A. Plague B. Malaria C. Rabies D. Endocarditis E. Wiel’s disease 32. Figure 2 shows the general structure of a bactericidal antibiotic in which important components of the structure are identified by boxes i; ii and iii. Where does the enzyme ß-lactamase attack this antibiotic? A. at i and iii B. at ii C. at iii D. at i E. at i and ii 33. Which one of the following pathogens uses neural tissues as a “refuge” between episodes of disease? 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 11 A. Human papilloma virus (HPV) B. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types I and II C. Rhabdovirus D. Neisseria meningitidis E. Cephalosporium acremonium 34. Which one of the terms below best describes the class of pathogen which most commonly causes nosocomial infections? A. Transient pathogens B. Intracellular pathogens C. Urinary tract pathogens D. Opportunistic pathogens E. Intestinal pathogens 35. One of the following antimicrobial agents binds to ergosterol and disrupts membrane function: A. ampicillin B. amphotericin B C. amoxicillin D. griseofulvin E. trimethoprim 36. Which one of the reasons given below best describes why transmission of respiratory tract and GI tract pathogens in human populations is so difficult to control? A. Control relies on the use of antibiotics B. Control relies on human genetic traits C. Control relies on human behavioural traits D. Control relies on external environment E. The pathogens are nosocomial 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 12 37. Which one of the microorganisms listed below is an example of a zoonotic pathogen in humans? A. Smallpox virus B. Epstein-Barr virus C. Polio virus D. Rabies virus E. Herpes simplex virus 1 38. Which one of the following is a sugar derivative found in Peptidoglycan? A. N-acetylglycine B. N-acetylmuramic acid C. N-acetylmanic acid D. N-acetylglucose acid E. N-acetylglutamic 39. Which one of the options given below is the largest quantity of peptidoglycan layers a Gram positive cell might have? A. 5 B. 20 C. 10 D. 50 E. 40 40. Which one of the options below best describes the definition of the epidemiological term “Endemic”? A. A disease that occurs at irregular intervals B. A disease that maintains a regular low level in a population C. A sudden unexpected occurrence of disease D. A disease suddenly affecting many individuals in a population E. A disease that spreads throughout the world 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 13 41. Which one of the following bacterial pathogens is the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG) effective against? A. Chlamydia trachomatis B. Neisseria meningitidis C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis D. Haemophilus influenzae E. Neisseria gonorrhoeae 42. Which one of the microorganisms given below is the causative agent of syphilis? A. Chlamydia trachomatis B. Treponema pallidum C. Neisseria meningitidis D. Haemophilus influenzae E. Neisseria gonorrhoeae 43. Which one of the following conditions is caused by a pathogenic fungus? A. Strep throat B. Giardiasis C. Diphtheria D. Candidiasis E. All of the conditions listed 44. Which one of the options below describes what the malarial parasite Plasmodium does after it enters the human body through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito? A. Spreads through the central nervous system B. Spreads through the blood to the hepatocytes C. Spreads through the lymph into the lymphatic system D. Spreads via tissues from cell to cell E. None of the options given 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 14 45. Which one of the options listed below describes where the causative microorganism for bubonic plague Yersinia pestis multiplies and forms the characteristic buboes? A. Heart valves B. Meninges C. Lymph capillaries D. Lymph nodes E. Cerebrospinal fluid 46. Which one of the options below describes the standard sterilisation conditions at 121oC in an autoclave? A. Pressure:15psi; Time:3min B. Pressure:30psi; Time:3min C. Pressure:15psi; Time:15min D. Pressure:10psi; Time:30min E. Pressure:30psi; Time:15min 47. Which one of the options best describes the mode of action of the antibiotic chloramphenicol? A. Binds to the 30S ribosomal unit and inhibits protein synthesis B. Binds to the 50S ribosomal unit and inhibits protein synthesis C. Prevents supercoiling of DNA and inhibit normal replication process D. Inhibition of DNA synthesis and result in cell death E. Inhibition of mRNA production and causes abnormal protein synthesis 48. One of the following statements regarding antibiotic is INCORRECT? A. It is a substance which can be produced by microorganisms B. It is a substance produced by host immune system in response to a pathogen C. It is a substance which can be produced totally by chemical synthesis D. It is a substance which can be produced partially by chemical synthesis E. It kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 15 49. Which one of the following definitions of D – Value (decimal reduction time) for a heated suspension of bacterial cells is correct? A. The number of cells killed in the first 10 minutes of heating B. One tenth of the time, in minutes, that it takes to kill all the cells C. The time, in minutes, that it takes to reduce the number of spores by 90% D. The time, in minutes, that it takes to reduce the number of bacterial cells by 10% E. The time, in minutes, that it takes to reduce the number of bacterial cells by 90% 50. The term used in epidemiology which gives you the estimate of the number of deaths due to a specific disease in the total population is called: A. incidence B. prevalence C. morbidity rate D. mortality rate E. none of the above 51. Which one of the options best describes a “Nosocomial infection”? A. Any infection contracted during a stay in hospital B. Any infection contracted before a stay in hospital C. Any infection contracted after a stay in hospital D. Any infection contracted while at work E. Any infection contracted that affects the facial area 52. Which one of the following microorganism produces the antibiotic Streptomycin? A. B. Streptomyces griseus Penicillium chrysogenum C. Streptomyces erythreus D. Streptomyces albus E. Penicillium griseofulvin 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 16 53. The enzyme involved in cross linking the rows and layers of peptidoglycan to make a strong cell wall in bacteria is: A. transestearse B. lipase C. transpeptidase D. gluconase E. kinase 54. Which one of the following options describe aerotaxis? A. Movement of bacteria in response to pressure differences B. Movement of bacteria in response to chemicals C. Movement of bacteria in response to oxygen D. Movement of bacteria in response to magnetic fields E. None of the above. 55. Which one of the following statements about LIVE attenuated VIRAL vaccines is INCORRECT? A. Smallpox vaccine is a live viral vaccine B. Live viral vaccines generate memory lymphocytes C. The oral polio vaccine contains live virus D. Live viral vaccines can evoke a cell mediated response E. Live viral vaccines are used against mumps and measles 56. Which one of the processes below is acquisition of protective maternal antibodies an example of? A. Active artificial immunization B. Active immunization C. Passive artificial immunization D. Passive natural immunization E. Active natural immunization 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 17 57. Which one of the following is NOT an example of an inactivated vaccine? A. Polio vaccine B. Hepatitis A vaccine C. Rabies vaccine D. Salk Polio vaccine E. MMR vaccine 58. Which one of the attributes below is associated with an acquired immune response? A. Non-specific B. Specificity C. No memory D. None of these options E. Not adaptive 59. Which of the answers given below best describes the contents of the MMR vaccine? A. Viral nucleic acids derived from measles, mumps and rubella viruses B. Inactivated measles, mumps and rubella viruses C. Purified viral antigens derived from measles, mumps and rubella viruses D. Live attenuated measles, mumps and rubella viruses E. Viral envelopes derived from measles, mumps and rubella viruses 60. Which of the following statements best define the term “Bioremediation”? A. The use of chemicals to treat toxic chemical compounds B. The use of UV to treat toxic chemical compounds C. The use of water to treat toxic chemical compounds D. The use of heat to treat toxic chemical compounds E. The use of microorganisms and/or plants to break down/degrade or immobilize toxic chemical compounds 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 18 4PY019 MCS Main Examination May 2022 MCQ Answer Grid Student name Student number Question number 1 Highlight the LETTER you think is the right Answer A B C D E 2 A B C D E 3 A B C D E 4 A B C D E 5 A B C D E 6 A B C D E 7 A B C D E 8 A B C D E 9 A B C D E 10 A B C D E 11 A B C D E 12 A B C D E 13 A B C D E 14 A B C D E 15 A B C D E 16 A B C D E 17 A B C D E 18 A B C D E 19 A B C D E 20 A B C D E 21 A B C D E 22 A B C D E 23 A B C D E 24 A B C D E 25 A B C D E 26 A B C D E 27 A B C D E 28 A B C D E 29 A B C D E 30 A B C D E 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 19 Student name Student number Question number 31 Highlight the LETTER you think is the right Answer A B C D E 32 A B C D E 33 A B C D E 34 A B C D E 35 A B C D E 36 A B C D E 37 A B C D E 38 A B C D E 39 A B C D E 40 A B C D E 41 A B C D E 42 A B C D E 43 A B C D E 44 A B C D E 45 A B C D E 46 A B C D E 47 A B C D E 48 A B C D E 49 A B C D E 50 A B C D E 51 A B C D E 52 A B C D E 53 A B C D E 54 A B C D E 55 A B C D E 56 A B C D E 57 A B C D E 58 A B C D E 59 A B C D E 60 A B C D E 4PY019 (MCS) 2021/22 20