University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

366

Pages:

3
Author:

Sara

Structures in a bone Periosteum, Medullary cavity, Articular cartilage, Compact bone, Spongy bone, Epiphyseal plate, Epiphysis and metaphysis. Periosteum Outer layer of a bone protect bone and nourishes it as has a good supply of blood medullary cavity Space inside bone lined by endosteum Filled with yellow bone marrow articular cartilage Covers articulating surfaces and provides shock absorption along with reduced friction Compact bone Densely packed osteocytes provides strength protection and support Spongy bone Made of lamellae which create small cavities filled with red bone marrow Epiphyseal plate growth plate Diaphysis main shaft of bone Epiphysis End of bone Metaphysis where diaphysis and epiphysis meet Function of long bones Support, protection, storage and release of mineral RBC production from RBM Energy store from lipids in YBM Osteoblast developing bone cell osteoprogenitor cells bone stem cells that divide into osteoblasts Osteocytes mature bone cells that exchange nutrients and waste with blood Osteoclats Digest old bone cells by releasing enzymes and a process of bone resorption Affects of ageing 1/3 Loss of mass due to demineralisation and become more brittle due to decrease of collagen synthesis Demineralisation Loss of calcium and other minerals from bones extracellular matrix Age where people get affected 30 in females and 50 in males bone resportion Osteoclasts outpace bone deposition by osteoblasts Open fracture Broken ends of the fracture protrude through the skin Comminuted fracture Bone is broken into pieces at site of impact Greenstick fracture Bending of a bone while the other doesn't change Only occurs in children as their bones haven't ossified Stress fracture Tiny cracks in a bone Reactive phase Blood leaks from torn vessels causing a mass of blood called a fracture hematoma Phagocytes and osteoclasts remove dead or damage tissue around fracture hematoma Reparative phase A Formation of soft fibrocartilagenous callus Mass repair of tissue consisting of collagen fibres and cartilage that bridges broken bones together Reparative phase B Formation of hard bony callus Bone remodelling Dead fragments are absorbed by osteoclasts Thickened area around the bone How long does a fracture take to heal in adults 6-8 weeks 2/3 How long does a fracture take to heal in kids 4-6 weeks Factors affecting fracture healing Minerals, blood supply, smoking and immunosuppression 3/3