Health Psychology Cheat Sheet

Studies how biological, psychological, and social factors affect health and illness Define health psychology. 1. Feelings (general sense of wellbeing) What did Bauman (1961) discover to be 2. Symptom Orientation (absence of the definition of good health when inter- symptoms of disease) viewing patients? (3) 3. Performance (things a physically fit person can do) A symptom of illness is always due to an underlying pathology, e.g something What is the Biomedical Model of illness? is wrong with the body so can be cured by medical treatment What is the Biopsychosocial Model of illness? There is a psychological component to illness and disease People move between good health and What is the Health Continuum Model of illness continuously regardless of the illillness? ness being mental or physical or been cured vs stabilised Differences in health status or in the disHow do WHO define health inequalities? tribution of health determinants between different population groups Uneven distribution of resources which may be unjust and unfair What is health inequity? Someone believes themselves to be How did Karl and Cobb (1966) describe health in order to prevent disease or dehealth behaviour? tecting it in its symptomatic stage How did Kasl and Cobb (1966) define illness behaviour? Someone who feels ill, defines their state of health and discovers a suitable remedy How did Kasl and Cobb (1966) define sick role behaviour? Someone who is ill tries to get well, e.g through treatment How many categories did Kasl and Cobb create to define health behaviour? Name them. 3. - Health Behaviour - Illness Behaviour - Sick Role Behaviour 1/3 People, regardless of their health status, How did Harris and Guten (1979) define try to protect, promote or maintain their health behaviour? health; e.g. healthy diet. He split it into 2 categories. 1. Health impairing habits/behavioural How did Matarazzo (1984) define health pathogens, e.g smoking or high fat diet behaviour? 2. Health protective behaviours/ behavioural immunogens, e.g exercise and healthy diet 1. Extraversion (vs introversion - more aroused so more sensitive to social conWhat 3 personality traits did Hans straints) Eysenck (1982) identify to have an affect 2. Neuroticism (negative emotionality) vs on health behaviour? Emotional stability 3. Psychoticism (vs self control) - Agreeableness (cooperative and kind) - Conscientiousness (regulates impulsWhat 5 personality traits did McCrae and es, e.g on time to class rather than sleep) Costa (1992) identify to have an affect on - Extraversion (outgoing) health behaviours? - Neuroticism (emotional stability) - Openness (to experience) Intrinsic motivation - someone completes What did Deci and Ryan (Self-determi- a task because it's enjoyable; e.g exernation Theory: 2000) say about motiva- cise tions affect on health behaviours? (2) Extrinsic motivation - someone completes a task because of a reward 1. Internal - go after great lengths to look after themselves What did Rotter (Locus of Control: 1966) 2. External - belief they have little control say about motivations affect on health over their health behaviours? 3. Powerful - their health is up to actions of others, e.g doctors What are the 3 impacts of attitude of health? 1. Cognitive, smoking is a good way to relieve stress/is a sign of weakness 2. Emotional, smoking is pleasurable/is disgusting 2/3 3. Behavioural, I am not going to smoke, I will continue to smoke What is unrealistic optimism? Some people believe they're less at risk than others so their perception of risk is biased What is self-efficacy? The belief that one can master a situation and produce good outcomes (like locus of control) 3/3