University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

63

Pages:

3
Author:

Sara

Name the functions of blood ? Respiration = transport of O2 and CO2 Nutrition = transport of nutrients e.g., glucose, fats Excretion = transport of metabolic waste for removal Acid - base balance Water balance Regulation of body heat Defence against infection Cellular communication (hormones, cytokines etc.) What is a leukocyte ? white blood cell Name the subdivisions of leukocytes ? Granulocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes Examples of granulocytes ? - Neutrophils - Basophils - Eosinophils Examples of Lymphocytes ? B-cells Natural killer cells T-cells Describe Erythrocytes ? Specially adapted cells for transporting oxygen - No nucleus - No mitochondria - limited antioxidant capacity - flexible membrane - short life span 120 days - simple cytoplasm, packed with Hb, few organelles - limited capacity for protein synthesis - first line of defence against microbes - 40 - 75% of all WBC - highly motile phagocytes Describe Neutrophils ? - Granulocytes - multi-lobed nucleus with fine blue-pink granules - stored in BM and released to fight acute 1/3 infection - Short-lived, circulate for 6-8hrs - Attach to endothelium by adhesion molecules and migrate into tissues at sites of inflammation - 1-5% of all WBC - Bi-lobed nucleus - coarse pink staining granules - granules contain basic proteins which Describe Eosinophils ? - Granulocytes disrupt cell membranes and generate ROS - the counts are raised in parasitic infection and allergy Describe Basophils ? - Granulocytes - 0.2 - 1.0% of all WBC - Bi or tri-lobed nucleus - contain abundant large dark granules - Granules contain histamine and heparin - Degranulation results in acute inflammation, vasodilation and increased vascular permeability A type of leukocyte (WBC) - 20-40% - T cells form in Bone marrow and mature in thymus What are lymphocytes and how do they - B cells present antigens to T cells and work ? when activated mature into antibody-secreting plasma cells - Large granular lymphocytes (NK cells) directly attack "non-self" cells What do T helper cells do ? Activate B and T cytotoxic cells What do T cytotoxic cells do ? Destroy infected and cancerous cells What do T suppressor cells do ? Regulate immune responses Describe Platelets ? - Cell like fragments of megakaryocyte cytoplasm - circulate for about 10 days - Stick to collagen in damaged blood ves2/3 sels - release granule contents on activation - Aggregate at wound sites to form a haemostatic plug Name the intermediates of metabolism found in the plasma ? - Amino acids - Lactic acid - Pyruvic acid - Carbohydrates - Glucose What are the metabolic waste products found in the plasma ? - Urea - NH3 - Creatine - Bilirubin What are the functions of plasma proteins ? - Osmolarity - Transport - Signalling - Defence - Coagulation Acute phase proteins ? - Proteins that are produced in response to acute inflammation - CRP (C-reactive protein) - a1-antitrypsin - Fibrinogen - Haptoglobin 3/3