PPM TBL 7 // Health Psychology

1. What were the lead- Pneumonia ing causes of death Tuberculosis (TB) in 1900? Gastroenteritis Heart Disease Stroke Kidney Disease Accidents Cancer Childhood Diseases 2. What were the lead- Cancer ing causes of death Heart disease in 2000? Pneumonia Stroke Lung disease Accidents Suicide Liver disease Diabetes 3. What were the lead- Dementia and Alzheimer's disease ing causes of death Ischaemic heart diseases in 2022? COVID-19 Chronic lower respiratory diseases Cerebrovascular diseases Malignant neoplasm of trachea bronchus and lung Influenza and pneumonia Symptoms signs and ill-defined conditions Malignant neoplasm of colon sigmoid rectum and anus 4. What is meant by mental health? - Includes the absence of mental illness - Promotion of optimism, happiness, love, and intimacy. 5. What was BauGeneral sense of wellbeing (feelings) man's 3 criteria for Absence of symptoms of disease (symptom orientation) good health? Things a physically only fit person can do (performance) 6. What is the biomed- - A model of health that promotes science and scientific ical model? findings opposed to researched remedies and explana1/4 tions for sicknesses. - Reductionist, meaning a humans mind and behaviour can be reduced to just analysis of the body/cells. - Treatment relies on the person treating patient, NOT patient. - Doesn't take into account individual patient, and how they may respond. 7. What is the biopsy- - A model of health that integrates the effects of biochosocial model? logical, behavioural, and social factors on health and illness. - Considers Behaviour, Emotions, Cognition, Personality. 8. What is the health - Where people move between good and bad health, continuum? regardless of illness being mental or physical. 9. What is health inequality vs inequity? Health inequality - May be completely out of individuals control (genetics), unavoidable. Health Inequity - An unfair distribution of resources, avoidable. 10. What were the main - People living in poorest neighbourhoods will die 7 findings of Marmot years earlier than those in the richest neighbourhoods. Review (2010)? - People in poorer areas will spend on average 17 more years with a disability. - Bad economic / social status = Bad health - Annual cost of health inequalities = £36 - £40 billion 11. What is the Harris and Guten (1979) health behaviour definition? "Behaviour performed by an individual, regardless of perceived health status, with the purpose of protecting, promoting or maintaining health" 12. What five traits did McCrae & Costa (1992) come up with? Agreeableness. Conscientiousness. Extraversion. Neuroticism. Openness (to experience). 2/4 13. Which of the five Extraversion traits are related to Openness risk taking? 14. Which of the five Agreeableness traits are NOT relat- Conscientiousness ed to risk taking? 15. Intrinsic motivation Intrinsic vs External motiva- An individual will complete a task because it is actually tion enjoyable, or engaging. They are not forced to do so. External There is external incentive (such as a prize) to complete a task. 16. What is locus of control theory (LOC)? (Rotter, 1966) Individuals have one of two LOC's Internal LOC: They are responsible for their own actions, and their actions can affect them. External LOC: What happens to them based on luck /fate. 17. What 3 compoCognitive - consisting of beliefs about the attitude-obnents make up atti- ject, e.g. cigarette smoking is a good way to relieve tudes? stress; smoking is a sign of weakness. Emotional (also known as affective) - consisting of feelings towards the attitude-object, e.g. smoking is pleasurable; smoking is disgusting. Behavioural - the intended action towards the attitude-object e.g. I am not going to smoke; I am going to continue to smoke. 18. What did Bandura A belief by an individual in their capabilities to exercise (1986) define self control over their own functioning and over events that efficacy as? affect their lives. 19. What 4 sources of · Past experiences of their own: (e.g. I managed to diet influence can alter successfully in the past so I am sure I can give up smoking.) 3/4 someone's sense of self efficacy? · Past experiences of seeing someone: (e.g. my friend gave up smoking with no trouble so I am sure I can do it too.) · Belief that they are capable of succeeding: (e.g. I know I can do whatever I set my mind to so I will be able to stop smoking) · Belief that they have personal strengths: (e.g. I am a very determined person so I will be able to overcome my cravings and give up smoking.) 4/4