University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

490

Pages:

3
Author:

Sara

Functional Groups Chemical groups responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of molecules Chiral Carbon Centres Carbons with four different groups attached, leading to stereoisomerism Stereocenter A carbon atom bearing different substituents, determining molecule's stereochemistry Cis Alkene An alkene with similar groups on the same side of the double bond Z Isomer A geometric isomer with high priority groups on the same side of a double bond Enantiomers Non-superimposable mirror image molecules Diastereomers Stereoisomers that are not mirror images Oxidation Reaction A reaction involving the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state Addition Reaction A reaction where atoms are added to a molecule Elimination Reaction A reaction where a molecule loses atoms to form a double bond Substitution Reaction A reaction where one atom or a group of atoms is replaced by another Solubility Importance Critical for drug effectiveness and reaching the site of action Polar Molecule A molecule with an uneven distribution of electron density Buffer A solution that resists changes in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base Neutralization Reaction A reaction between an acid and a base to form water and a salt 1/3 Drug Discovery Process Series of steps from target identification to pre-clinical safety assessment Computer-Aided Drug Design Using computational methods to discover and design new drug candidates Phospholipase C Activation Results in the production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) PIP2 Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate Ins 1,4.5,P3 Inositol trisphosphate signaling molecule DAG Diacylglycerol, a lipid second messenger Inositol Cyclic sugar alcohol involved in cell signaling Zinc fingers Associated with ligand binding domains Ka Acid dissociation constant for a weak acid Passive diffusion Movement across membranes without energy First pass metabolism Metabolism before reaching systemic circulation Safety pharmacology Predicts toxic dose and rare events of drugs Therapeutic index Ratio of toxic to therapeutic dose ED50 Effective dose for 50% of the population Pharmaceutical dosage form Physical form of a drug for administration Nuremberg Code Ethical principles for human experimentation API Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Log P Partition coefficient indicating hydrophobicity Clinical trials Assess drug efficacy and safety in humans Secondary metabolites Active components of plants 2/3 Type B adverse drug reactions Related to the drug's pharmacological action European Union legislation Includes Directives, Laws, and Regulations Marketing authorisation application Procedure for drug approval in the EU Physicochemical characteristics Properties like solubility and stability 3/3