Fatty Acids and Triglycerides | University of Wolverhampton - Edubirdie

University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

304

Pages:

2
Author:

Sara

Fatty acids Composed of carbons and hydrogens, non-polar, hydrophobic Adipose cells Store fat, contain large lipid droplet and flattened nucleus Triglycerides Formed by esterifying fatty acids to glycerol, can be homogenous or heterogenous Tristearin Glycerol tristearate, a type of triglyceride with three saturated fatty acids Unsaturated fat Triglyceride with at least one c=c double bond, identified by fatty acids Kink Bend in fatty acid chain, lowers melting point Monounsaturated Contains one c=c double bond Polyunsaturated Contains multiple c=c double bonds Cis Double bond with hydrogens on the same side Trans Double bond with hydrogens on opposing sides Mobilisation Hydrolysis of triacylglycerides for fuel use, hormonally controlled Perilipin A Protein associated with fat droplets, phosphorylation restructures droplets Hormone-sensitive lipase Phosphorylated enzyme that hydrolyzes triacylglycerides to fatty acids Mitochondrial oxidation Fatty acids oxidized in mitochondria after activation with coenzyme A Acyl carnitine Formed by transferring acyl group from CoA to carnitine for mitochondrial transport Beta-oxidation Oxidation of fatty acids at beta-carbon, generates acetyl CoA and ATP 1/2 Thiolysis Cleavage of compound into two by reaction with thiol (R-SH) Isomerase Enzyme required for additional steps in degradation of unsaturated fatty acids Odd chain fatty acids Require additional steps in degradation due to uneven carbon number Propionyl-CoA Molecule produced in final stage of degradation of odd chain fatty acids 2/2

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