University:
University of Wolverhampton
Course:
4PY019 | Pharmacy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

141

Pages:

3
Author:

Sara

Learning Objectives Understand synthesis schemes, functional groups, and key reactions Electrophile Electron-deficient, electron-loving molecule or ion Nucleophile Electron-rich, nucleus-loving molecule or ion Oxidation/reduction Chemical reactions involving addition/removal of oxygen/hydrogen Taxol Drug used in oncology Penicillin Antibacterial drug Peptide synthesis Formation of peptides from amino acids DNA synthesis Process of creating DNA molecules Metabolism Chemical processes in the body Ramipril ACE inhibitor drug Ibrutinib BTK inhibitor drug Omeprazole H+/K+ ATPase inhibitor drug Addition reactions Organic reactions adding atoms or groups to a molecule Elimination reactions Organic reactions removing atoms or groups from a molecule Substitution reactions Organic reactions replacing one atom or group with another Rearrangement reactions Organic reactions rearranging atoms within a molecule Amines and ethers Organic compounds with specific functional groups Amides and esters Organic compounds with specific functional groups Formation of sp3 Carbon-Heteroatom bonds Creating bonds between sp3 carbon and heteroatoms Reductive amination 1/3 Process of forming amines through reduction Formation of sp2 Carbon-Heteroatom bonds Creating bonds between sp2 carbon and heteroatoms Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution Substitution reaction with nucleophile on aliphatic carbon Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Substitution reaction with nucleophile on acyl group Reagents Chemicals used in reactions: nucleophiles or electrophiles Oxidation Reduction of electron density at a carbon atom by bond formation with a more electronegative element. Reduction Gain in electron density at a carbon atom by reducing bonds with a more electronegative atom. Alcohol Oxidation Conversion of alcohols to carbonyl compounds. Primary Alcohol Oxidation Oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Secondary Alcohol Oxidation Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones. Carbonyl Reduction Process of reducing carbonyl compounds to alcohols. Aldehyde Reduction Reduction of aldehydes to primary alcohols. Ketone Reduction Reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols. Rearrangement Reactions Chemical reactions involving the rearrangement of atoms or groups. Amide Formation Reaction forming amides from amines and acid chlorides. Synthesis 2/3 Process of combining chemicals to form a more complex compound. Vildagliptin Drug sustaining insulin levels in type 2 diabetics, a DPP4 inhibitor. Myrbetriq Medication for overactive bladder treatment. Diastereomers Stereoisomers with different configurations at one or more chiral centers. Proteasome Inhibitor Substance blocking proteasome activity, like Carfilzomib in cancer treatment. Convergent Synthesis Efficient multistep synthesis improving overall yield. Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction where a nucleophile replaces a leaving group in a molecule. Enantiomer Mirror-image stereoisomers that are not superimposable. Functional Groups Specific groups of atoms responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a molecule. Amine Formation Reaction forming amines from amines and epoxides. Leuprorelin Hormone-mimicking drug for hormone-responsive cancers. Reyataz Antiretroviral medication for HIV/AIDS treatment, mimicking a peptide. 3/3